硫酸カリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色の結晶
定義
本品は、硫酸(*)のカリウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。
参照表示名称：硫酸
溶解性
水に溶けやすく、エタノール及びジエチルエーテルにほとんど溶けない。
解説
硫酸カリウム，無色の斜方晶系結晶．密度2.66 g cm－3．融点1069 ℃，沸点1689 ℃．水100 g に対する溶解度は7.35 g(0 ℃)，24.1 g(100 ℃)．エタノール，アセトン，二硫化炭素に不溶．カリウムミョウバン，ガラス工業の原料，カリ肥料，分析試薬，食品添加物，医薬品として用いられる．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
高純度金属化合物。
用途
汎用試薬、試液調製原料。
用途
汎用試薬、無機合成原料、調製液原料。
用途
医薬原料、分析試薬
用途
調製液原料、製剤原料。
化粧品の成分用途
親水性増粘剤
効能
口腔洗浄液
製造
硫酸カリウム，天然にはカイナイト，硫酸苦土カリ石などの複硫酸塩として産出する．塩化カリウムと濃硫酸とを熱して得られる．
特長
通常の硫酸カリウムは粒子がやや大きく、冷水に溶けるのに時間がかかる。本品は粒子が細かいため溶解速度が速い。
使用上の注意
純度は金属ベースで差数法によって算出したもので、重量又は容量分析等の化学的方法によるものではありません。使用目的により、正確な含量が必要な場合は、それらの方法によって測定する必要があります。
説明
Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) is a kind of chemical compounds that is commonly used in agriculture. The dominant application of potassium sulfate is as a fertilizer, which is commonly applied to offer both potassium and sulfur, thus improving the quality and yield of crops growing in soils that lack an adequate supply of this essential elements. Besides, the crude potassium sulfate is sometimes employed in the production of glass. It also has applications in other industries, which is used as a flash reducer in artillery propellant charges and as an alternative blast media similar to soda in the process of soda blasting.
potassium sulfate powder
化学的特性
Potassium sulfate,K2804, also known as salt of Lemery and arcanite, is a colorless crystalline solid that melts at 1072°C(1960 OF). It is soluble in water,but insoluble in alcohol. Potassium sulfate is used in manufacturing glass, aluminum, fertilizers, and in medicine.
物理的性質
Colorless or white crystals or white granules or powder; rhombohedral structure; bitter taste; density 2.66 g/cm
3; melts at 1,069°C; vaporizes at 1,689°C; moderately soluble in water, 12 g/100mL at 25°C and 24g/100mL at 100°C; slightly soluble in glycerol; insoluble in alcohol, acetone, and carbon disulfide.
天然物の起源
Potassium and sodium sulfates and their double sulfates with calcium and magnesium occur naturally in various salt lakes. Potassium sulfate also occurs in certain volcanic lava. Its double salt with magnesium occurs in nature, as the mineral langbeinite.
Potassium sulfate is used in fertilizers as a source of potassium and sulfur, both of which are essential elements for plant growth. Either in sim-ple form or as a double salt with magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate is one of the most widely consumed potassium salts in agricultural applications. It is preferred over potassium chloride for certain types of crops; such as, tobac-co, citrus, and other chloride-sensitive crops. Some other applications include making gypsum cements; to make potassium alum; in the analysis of Kjeldahl nitrogen; and in medicine.
使用
potassium sulfate is a reagent in cosmetics. Potassium sulfate is an inorganic salt with a primary function as a viscosity-increasing agent.
定義
Potassium sulfate is a potassium salt and an inorganic potassium salt. It is a white crystalline powder, K2SO4, soluble inwater and insoluble in ethanol;rhombic or hexagonal; r.d. 2.66; m.p.1069°C. It occurs naturally assch nite (Strassfurt deposits) and inlake brines, from which it is separatedby fractional crystallization. Ithas also been produced by the Hargreavesprocess, which involves theoxidation of potassium chloride withsulphuric acid. In the laboratory itmay be obtained by the reaction ofeither potassium hydroxide or potassiumcarbonate with sulphuric acid.Potassium sulphate is used in cements,in glass manufacture, as a food additive, and as a fertilizer(source of K+) for chloride-sensitiveplants, such as tobacco and citrus.
調製方法
Potassium sulfate is produced by various methods, selection of process depending on availability and cost of raw materials.
The salt may be obtained from its naturally occurring mineral, langbeinite,K
2SO
4?2MgSO
4. The ore first is crushed and washed with water to separate sodium chloride. After that, magnetite is separated from the washed langbei-nite by magnetic separation. After the separation of these two major impuri-ties, the purified double salt is treated with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride to obtain potassium sulfate:
K
2SO
4?2MgSO
4 + 4KCl →3K
2SO
4+ 2MgCl
2The solution is filtered to remove insoluble residues and the products are separated from their aqueous mixture by crystallization.
Potassium sulfate also is produced from the mineral kieserite, MgSO4?H
2O by treatment with potassium chloride. The intermediate double salt obtained reacts further with potassium chloride to form potassium sulfate:MgSO
4?H
2O + 2KCl + 4H
2O →K
2SO
4?MgSO
4?6H
2O + MgCl
2K
2SO
4?MgSO
4?6H
2O + 2KCl →2K
2SO
4+ MgCl
2Potassium sulfate is separated from the more soluble magnesium chloride by crystallization.
Also, potassium sulfate can be made by two other processes in which no naturally occurring mineral is employed. In the Mannheim process, the salt is produced by action of sulfuric acid on potassium chloride:2KCl + H
2SO
4→K
2SO
4+ 2HCl
In Hargreaves process, which is a slight variation of the Mannheim method, potassium sulfate is made by heating a mixture of potassium chlo-ride, sulfur dioxide, air and water:4KCl + 2SO
2+ 2H
2O + o
2→2K
2SO
4+ 4HCl.
一般的な説明
Potassium sulfate is an inorganic salt that can be prepared by reacting phosphogypsum and potassium chloride. It forms needlelike mullite particles on heating with aluminum sulfate (Al
2(SO
4)
3) and silicon dioxide (SiO
2). Its application to the soil has been reported to minimize the bronzing of rice plants. Its surface integration growth kinetics has been obtained in the temperature range of 20-50°C. The theoretical heat capacity curve of potassium sulfate in vapor phase has been obtained.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic to
humans by ingestion. Moderately toxic
experimentally by subcutaneous route.
Swallowing large doses causes severe
gastrointestinal tract effects. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O
and SOx. See also SULFATES.
純化方法
Potassium sulfate [7778-80-5] M 174.3, m 1069o, d 4 2.67 It crystallised from distilled water (4mL/g at 20o; 8mL/g at 100o) between 100o and 0o.
参考文献
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_sulfate
http://www.cropnutrition.com/potassium-sulfate
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-potassium-sulfate-structure-uses-formula.html
硫酸カリウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品