이피엔

이피엔 속성

이피엔 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

화학적 성질

EPN is a light yellow crystalline solid with an aromatic odor (as a pesticide) or a brown liquid above 36°C

물리적 성질

Yellow to brown crystalline powder with an aromatic-like odor.

용도

EPN is used to control chewing insects, especially lepidopterous larvae in cotton, rice, fruit and vegetables.

일반 설명

Light yellow crystalline powder with an aromatic odor. Used as an insecticide for cotton and an acaricide.

공기와 물의 반응

Insoluble in water. Hydrolyzed by alkali [EPA, 1998].

반응 프로필

Organophosphates, such as EPN, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

위험도

A cholinesterase inhibitor, absorbed by skin, use may be restricted. Questionable carcinogen.

건강위험

EPN may be fatal if swallowed. It is poisonous if inhaled and extremely hazardous by skin contact. Repeated exposure may, without symptoms, be increasingly hazardous. The estimated fatal oral dose is 0.3 grams for a 150 lb. (70 kg) person.

화재위험

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.) EPN may burn but does not ignite readily. Container may explode in heat of fire. Fire and runoff from fire control water may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Avoid strong oxidizers. Hydrolyzed by alkali.

농업용

Insecticide: Banned for use in the EU. All registered uses of EPN in the U.S. were canceled by the U.S. EPA on August 31, 1988. Effective June 9, 1993, the U.S. EPA announced the revocation of all tolerances for residues of the insecticide

상품명

NIAGARA®[C]; PIN®; SANTOX®; TRIPLE KILL T®[C]; VETO®[C]

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. A cholinesterase inhibitor. Ths material is extremelyhazardous on contact with skin, inhalation, or ingestion. A highly toxic insecticide. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of SOx, POx, NOx, and phosphme. See also PARATHION, NITRO COMPOUNDS OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, PHOSPHINE, and SULFIDES

잠재적 노출

EPN is used in preparation of emulsifiable, granular or wettable powder insecticides for cotton. A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation and application of this material.

환경귀착

Biological. From the first-order biotic and abiotic rate constants of EPN in estuarine water and sediment/water systems, the estimated biodegradation half-lives were 6.2 and 9.2 days, respectively (Walker et al., 1988).
Soil. Though no products were reported, the half-life in soil is 15–30 days (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
Photolytic. EPN may undergo direct photolysis since the insecticide showed some absorption when a 1,4-dioxane was irradiated with UV light (l >290 nm) (Gore et al., 1971).
Chemical/Physical. On heating, EPN is converted to the S-ethyl isomer (Worthing and Hance, 1991). Releases toxic fumes of phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987; Lewis, 1990). Rapidly hydrolyzed in alkaline solutions to p-nitrophenol, alcohol and benzene thiophosphoric acid (Sittig, 1985).

신진 대사 경로

EPN is degraded and deactivated in soil, plants and animals by a series of hydrolytic, dealkylation and oxidative desulfuration steps, ultimately to give phenylphosphonate. The metabolic pathway may or may not proceed via activation to the oxon, which is not usually detected in appreciable quantities as it metabolically unstable. A detoxification reaction via reduction of the nitro group to afford amino-EPN has been shown to take place in anaerobic soil, bacteria and animals. Uncommonly for organophosphates, hydroxylation of the phenyl ring also occurs in rats and hens.

운송 방법

UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

비 호환성

Contact with oxidizers may cause the release of phosphorous oxides. Contact with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides; may cause the formation of flammable and toxic phosphine gas. Contact with alkalies causes decomposition (hydrolysis) producing p-nitrophenol.

폐기물 처리

EPN plant wastes are treated by preaeration, activated sludge treatment; recycle, chlorination and final polishing where additional natural biological stabilization occurs. EPN is also relatively rapidly hydrolyzed in alkaline solution to benzene thiophosphoric acid; alcohol and p-nitrophenol and soil burial with alkali may be used. For large quantities, however, incineration is recommended. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.

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