Natriumnitrat

Sodium nitrate Struktur
7631-99-4
CAS-Nr.
7631-99-4
Bezeichnung:
Natriumnitrat
Englisch Name:
Sodium nitrate
Synonyma:
NANO3;macklin;niter;sodium standard for aas;E251;Caliche;nitratine;soda-nitre;cubicniter;SODA NITER
CBNumber:
CB8854258
Summenformel:
NNaO3
Molgewicht:
84.99
MOL-Datei:
7631-99-4.mol

Natriumnitrat Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
306 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Siedepunkt:
380 °C
Dichte
1.1 g/mL at 25 °C
storage temp. 
Store at RT.
Löslichkeit
H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Aggregatzustand
Solid
Wichte
2.261
Farbe
White or colorless
PH
5.5-8.0 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Geruch (Odor)
Odorless
Wasserlöslichkeit
900 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive 
Hygroscopic
Merck 
14,8647
Dielectric constant
5.2(0.0℃)
Stabilität:
Stable. Strong oxidizer - may ignite flammable material. Incompatible with cyanides, combustible material, strong reducing agents, aluminium.
LogP
-0.129 (est)
CAS Datenbank
7631-99-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA chemische Informationen
Sodium nitrate (7631-99-4)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserklärung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gefährlicher O,Xn,Xi,C
R-Sätze: 8-22-36/37/38-36/38-34-36
S-Sätze: 17-26-27-36/37/39-37/39-36-45
RIDADR  UN 1498 5.1/PG 3
WGK Germany  1
RTECS-Nr. WC5600000
3
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  5.1
PackingGroup  III
HS Code  31025090
Giftige Stoffe Daten 7631-99-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität LD50 orally in rabbits: 1.955 g anion/kg (Dollahite, Rowe)
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Warnung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H272 Kann Brand verstärken; Oxidationsmittel. Oxidierende Flüssigkeiten (Kapitel 2.13), Kategorie 2 (Ox. Liq. 2), H272 Oxidierende Flüssigkeiten (Kapitel 2.13), Kategorie 2 Achtung
Warnung
P210, P220, P221P280, P370+P378,P501
H319 Verursacht schwere Augenreizung. Schwere Augenreizung Kategorie 2 Warnung P264, P280, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313P
Sicherheit
P210 Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.
P220 Von Kleidung und anderen brennbaren Materialien fernhalten.
P264 Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P264 Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P305+P351+P338 BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.
P337+P313 Bei anhaltender Augenreizung: Ärztlichen Rat einholen/ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

Natriumnitrat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

FARBLOSE HYGROSKOPISCHE KRISTALLE.

CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung von Stickstoffoxiden und Sauerstoff. Erhöhte Feuergefahr. Starkes Oxidationsmittel. Reagiert mit brennbaren und reduzierenden Stoffen unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Blut mit nachfolgender Methämoglobinbildung. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.

LECKAGE

Verschüttetes Material in Kunststoff- oder Glasbehältern sammeln. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.

S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

S17:Von brennbaren Stoffen fernhalten.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S27:Beschmutzte, getränkte Kleidung sofort ausziehen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).

Beschreibung

Sodium nitrate, also known as Chile saltpeter and soda niter, has a molecular formula of NaNO3. Sodium nitrate is a colorless, odorless, transparent crystal. It oxidizes when exposed to air and is soluble in water. This material explodes at 1000°F (537°C), much lower than temperatures encountered in many fires. Sodium nitrate is toxic by ingestion and has caused cancer in test animals. When used in the curing of fish and meat products, it is restricted to 100 ppm. Sodium nitrate is incompatible with ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts. The four-digit UN identification number is 1498. Sodium nitrate is used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning and in the curing of fish and meat.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Sodium nitrate, NaNO3, also known as soda niter and Chile saltpeter, is a fire-hazardous, transparent, colorless and odorless crystalline solid. It is soluble in glycerol and water,decomposes when heated,and melts at 308°C (585 °F). Sodium nitrate is used in making nitric and sulfuric acids, in the manufacture of glass and pottery enamel, as a fertilizer, as a food preservative, in explosives, and as a welding flux.

Physikalische Eigenschaften

Colorless crystalline solid; saline taste; trigonal, and rhombohedrals structure; density 2.257g/cm3; refractive index 1.587 (trigonal) and 1.336 (rhombohedral); melts at 308°C; decomposes at 380°C; specific conductance 95 μmhos/cm at 300°C; viscosity 2.85 centipoise at 317°C; very soluble in water 92.1 g/100 mL at 25°C and 180 g/100 mL at 100°C; very soluble in liquid ammonia; soluble in alcohol.

Occurrence

There are several natural deposits of sodium nitrate in various parts of the world, including Chile, Mexico, Egypt, and the United States. The most important application of sodium nitrate is its use as a fertilizer in agriculture. It is an effective fertilizer for cotton, tobacco, and vegetable crops. Its agricultural applications, however, have dwindled considerably in recent years because of the growth of ammonium nitrate and other fertilizers.
Another major use of sodium nitrate is in manufacturing explosives. It is a component of many types of dynamites and water-based slurry type blasting explosives. Sodium nitrate also is used in making charcoal briquettes. Sodium nitrate is used as an oxidizing and fluxing agent in manufacturing vitreous glass, fiberglass, porcelain, and enamels. Other uses are in the heat-treatment baths for alloys and metals, as a food preservative, in curing meats, and in preparing various salts.

Verwenden

Sodium Nitrate is the salt of nitric acid that functions as an antimi- crobial agent and preservative. it is a naturally occurring substance in spinach, beets, broccoli, and other vegetables. it consists of color- less, odorless crystals or crystalline granules. it is moderately deli- quescent in moist air and is readily soluble in water. it is used in meat curing to develop and stabilize the pink color. see nitrate.

Vorbereitung Methode

Sodium nitrate is recovered from natural deposits. One such process, known as the Guggenheim nitrate process, is briefly outlined below: The ore is crushed. Sodium nitrate is leached from the ore by extraction with a brine solution at 40°C. The brine for leaching is made up of an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate, MgSO3, and calcium sulfate, CaSO3. The caliche variety of Chilean ore contains mostly sodium nitrate and sodium chloride as the main saline components, along with limestone, clays, sand, lime, and inert volcanic rocks. Sodium nitrate usually occurs in this ore as a double salt with sodium sulfate NaNO3?Na2SO3?H3O. This double salt, which is sparingly soluble in water, is broken down by magnesium in leaching brine solution, thus releasing more sodium nitrate into the extract. Sodium nitrate finally is recovered from the leachate brine by fractional crystallization.
Brines of other compositions have been used to extract sodium nitrate from its ores. Many such processes, including the Shanks process practiced in the past to produce sodium nitrate, are now obsolete.

Definition

ChEBI: The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

A white crystalline solid. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in fire or the combustible material is finely divided an explosion may result. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Used in solid propellants, explosives, fertilizers, and for many other uses.

Air & Water Reaktionen

Soluble in water.

Reaktivität anzeigen

A mixture of Sodium nitrate and sodium hypophosphite constitute a powerful explosive [Mellor 8, Supp. 1:154 1964]. Sodium nitrate and aluminum powder mixtures have been reported to be explosive,[Fire, 1935, 28, 30]. The nitrate appears to be incompatible with barium thiocyanate, antimony, arsenic trioxide/iron(II) sulfate, boron phosphide, calcium-sodium alloy, magnesium, metal amidosulfates, metal cyanides, powdered charcoal, peroxyformic acid, phenol/trifluoroacetic acid, sodium, sodium nitrite/sodium sulfide, sodium phosphinate, sodium thiosulfate, tris( cyclopentadienyl)cerium, and even wood [Bretherick 5th ed., 1995].

Hazard

Fire risk near organic materials, ignites on friction and explodes when shocked or heated to 1000F (537C). Toxic by ingestion; content in cured meats, fish, and other food products restricted.

Health Hazard

INGESTION: Dizziness, abdominal cramps, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, weakness, convulsions, and collapse. Small repeated doses may cause headache and mental impairment.

Sicherheitsprofil

Human poison by ingestion. Poison by intravenous route.Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Human mutation data reported. A powerful oxidizer. It will iqte with heat or friction. Explodes when heated to over 1000°F, or when mixed with cyanides, sodium hypophosphte, boron phosphide. Forms explosive mixtures with aluminum powder, antimony powder, barium thiocyanate, metal amidosulfates, sodium, sodium phosphinate, sodium thiosulfate, sulfur + charcoal (gunpowder). Potentially violent reaction or ignition when mixed with bitumen, organic matter, calcium-shcon alloy, jute + magnesium chloride, magnesium, metal cyanides, nonmetals, peroxyformic acid, phenol + trifluoroacetic acid. Incompatible with acetic anhydride, barium thocyanate, wood. A dangerous disaster hazard. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and Na2O. See also NITRATES.

läuterung methode

Crystallise NaNO3 from hot water (0.6mL/g) by cooling to 0o, or from a concentrated aqueous solution by adding MeOH. Dry it under a vacuum at 140o. After two recrystallisations, technical grade sodium nitrate had K, Mg, B, Fe Al, and Li at 100, 29, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.2 ppm respectively. (See KNO3.)

Natriumnitrat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


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7631-99-4(Natriumnitrat)Verwandte Suche:


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