Ammoniak, wasserfrei

Ammonia Struktur
7664-41-7
CAS-Nr.
7664-41-7
Bezeichnung:
Ammoniak, wasserfrei
Englisch Name:
Ammonia
Synonyma:
NH3;AQUEOUS AMMONIA;Anhydrous ammonia;AMMONIA WATER;Ammonia in methanol;ammoniac;AMMONIA GAS;ammoniak;Ammonia Hydrate;Ammonia in MeOH
CBNumber:
CB9854275
Summenformel:
H3N
Molgewicht:
17.03
MOL-Datei:
7664-41-7.mol

Ammoniak, wasserfrei Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
−78 °C(lit.)
Siedepunkt:
60 °C
Dichte
1.023 g/mL at 25 °C
Dampfdichte
0.6 (vs air)
Dampfdruck
8.75 atm ( 21 °C)
FEMA 
4494 | AMMONIA (ALSO INCLUDES AMMONIUM CHLORIDE)
Flammpunkt:
52 °F
storage temp. 
0-6°C
Löslichkeit
Miscible with ethanol (95%) and water.
Aggregatzustand
Liquid
pka
38(at 25℃)
Farbe
Colorless
Geruch (Odor)
Intense pungent odor detectable at 17 ppm
Odor Threshold
1.5ppm
Explosionsgrenze
25%
Geruchsart
ammoniacal
Wasserlöslichkeit
soluble
Sensitive 
Hygroscopic
Merck 
14,492
BRN 
3587154
Henry's Law Constant
1.31 at 0 °C, 2.92 at 20 °C (droplet train apparatus, Shi et al., 1999)
Dielectric constant
25.0(-59℃)
Expositionsgrenzwerte
TLV-TWA 25 ppm (~18 mg/m3) (ACGIH and MSHA), 50 ppm (OSHA); STEL 35 ppm; IDLH 500 ppm (NIOSH).
Stabilität:
Stable. Hygroscopic. Flammable. Incompatible with acids, strong oxidizing agents. May react violently with acids, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, amides, boron, boron halides, calcium, chlorine azide, chloric acid, chlorine monoxide, chlorites, halogens, heavy metals and many other materials - check the complete data sheet before use!
LogP
0.23 at 20℃
CAS Datenbank
7664-41-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen
Ammonia(7664-41-7)
EPA chemische Informationen
Ammonia (7664-41-7)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserklärung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gefährlicher F,N,T,Xn
R-Sätze: 11-20-36/37/38-67-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-10-50-34-23-36-66-40-36/37-19
S-Sätze: 26-7-45-36/37/39-16-9-61-36/37
RIDADR  UN 1219 3/PG 2
WGK Germany  2
RTECS-Nr. BO0875000
Selbstentzündungstemperatur 690 °C
TSCA  Yes
DOT Classification 2.2 (Non-flammable gas)
HazardClass  3
PackingGroup  II
HS Code  28141000
Giftige Stoffe Daten 7664-41-7(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität LD50 oral (rat) 350 mg/kg
LC50 inhal (rat) 2000 ppm (4 h)
PEL (OSHA) 35 ppm (27 mg/m3)
TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 25 ppm (17 mg/m3)
STEL (ACGIH) 35 ppm (27 mg/m3)
IDLA 300 ppm
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Achtung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H280 Enthält Gas unter Druck; kann bei Erwärmung explodieren. Gase unter Druck verflüssigtes Gas Warnung P410+P403
H314 Verursacht schwere Verätzungen der Haut und schwere Augenschäden. Ätzwirkung auf die Haut Kategorie 1B Achtung P260,P264, P280, P301+P330+ P331,P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340,P310, P321, P305+ P351+P338, P405,P501
H331 Giftig bei Einatmen. Akute Toxizität inhalativ Kategorie 3 Achtung P261, P271, P304+P340, P311, P321,P403+P233, P405, P501
H410 Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen mit langfristiger Wirkung. Langfristig (chronisch) gewässergefährdend Kategorie 1 Warnung P273, P391, P501
Sicherheit
P260 Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.
P273 Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P303+P361+P353 BEI BERÜHRUNG MIT DER HAUT (oder dem Haar): Alle kontaminierten Kleidungsstücke sofort ausziehen. Haut mit Wasser abwaschen oder duschen.

Ammoniak, wasserfrei Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

FARBLOSES, KOMPRIMIERTES FLüSSIGGAS MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.

PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

Das Gas ist leichter als Luft.

CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

Bildung stoßempfindlicher Verbindungen mit Quecksilber, Silber und Goldoxiden. Starke Base. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Säuren. ätzend. Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln und Halogenen. Greift Kupfer, Aluminium, Zink und deren Legierungen an. Löst sich in Wasser unter Hitzeentwicklung.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV: 25 ppm (als TWA); 35 ppm (als STEL) (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 20 ppm, 14 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(2); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2005).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation.

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Eine gesundheitsschädliche Konzentration des Gases in der Luft wird beim Entweichen aus dem Behälter sehr schnell erreicht.

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz verätzt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Inhalation hoher Konzentrationen kann zu Lungenödem führen (s.Anm.). Schnelle Verdampfung kann zu Erfrierungen führen.

LECKAGE

Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Wasserstrahl NIEMALS auf die Flüssigkeit richten. Gas mit feinem Wassersprühstrahl niederschlagen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: gasdichter Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R20:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R10:Entzündlich.
R50:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
R23:Giftig beim Einatmen.

S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.

Beschreibung

Ammonia is a colorless, pungent-smelling gas that is one of the most important industrial inorganic chemicals. It is widely used in fertilizers, refrigerants, explosives, cleaning agents, and as a feedstock to produce numerous other chemicals. Ammonia ranks as one of the top 10 chemicals produced annually.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Ammonia is a colorless, strongly alkaline, and extremely soluble gas with a pungent, suffocating odor.
Strong ammonia solution occurs as a clear, colorless liquid having an exceedingly pungent, characteristic odor. It is lighter than air, and is formed as a result of the decomposition of most nitrogenous organic materials. The PhEur 6.0 states that concentrated ammonia solution contains not less than 25.0% and not more than 30.0% w/w of ammonia (NH3). The USP32– NF27 states that strong ammonia solution contains not less than 27.0% and not more than 31.0% w/w of ammonia (NH3).
Anhydrous ammonia, a major commercial chemical, is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, HN03, acrylonitrile, and other products, and as an electrolytic solvent.

Physikalische Eigenschaften

Colorless gas with a penetrating, pungent, suffocating odor. An experimentally determined odor threshold concentration of 45.8 ppmv was reported by Leonardos et al. (1969). A detection odor threshold concentration of 11.6 mg/m3 (16.7 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Nishida et al. (1974).

History

During the Middle Ages ammonia was produced by the distillation of animal dung, hooves, and horn. Its preparation from horn gave it another name: spirit of hartshorn. Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) isolated ammonia in 1774 and called the compound alkaline air. The modern name ammonia was given to the compound in 1782 by the Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman (1735–1784). The exact chemical composition was determined by Claude-Louis Berthollet (1748–1822) in 1785. During the 19th century ammonia was obtained from the distillation of coal tar. The importance of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture was established during the mid-1800s, and this coupled with the growth of the chemical industry provided incentive to find a method for fixing nitrogen.

Verwenden

Ammonia is a large-tonnage industrial product and finds its major use in the manufacture of nitric acid and fertilizers. It is the most commonly used refrigerant, particularly for large industrial installations.

Definition

ChEBI: An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

Vorbereitung Methode

Ammonia is obtained commercially chiefly by synthesis from its constituent elements, nitrogen and hydrogen, which are combined under high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst. Ammonia solution is produced by dissolving ammonia gas in water.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

The product is a 0.4 M solution of ammonia in dioxane. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a characteristic strong odor. It is highly soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform and ether. It is extensively sold in the form of solution.1 Ammonia molecule is pyramidal in shape with nitrogen in the center and the three hydrogen atoms along the three vertices and the lone pair of electrons on the fourth vertex. Ammonia solution is commonly used as a base.

Air & Water Reaktionen

Soluble in water with evolution of heat. The amount of heat generated may be large.

Reaktivität anzeigen

AMMONIA is a base. Reacts exothermically with all acids. Violent reactions are possible. Readily combines with silver oxide or mercury to form compounds that explode on contact with halogens. When in contact with chlorates Ammonia forms explosive ammonium chlorate [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, 1978, p. 470]. Reacts violently or produces explosive products with fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and some of the interhalogen compounds (bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride). Mixing of bleaching powder (hypochlorite solution) with ammonia solutions produces toxic/explosive ammonia trichloride vapors. Undergoes potentially violent or explosive reactions on contact with 1,2-dichloroethane (with liquid ammonia), boron halides, ethylene oxide (polymerization), perchlorates or strong oxidants (chromyl chloride, chromium trioxide, chromic acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorates, fluorine, nitrogen oxide, liquid oxygen). Reacts with silver chloride, silver oxide, silver nitrate or silver azide to form the explosive silver nitride. May react with some heavy metal compounds (mercury, gold(III) chloride) to produce materials that may explode when dry. [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1553].

Hazard

Inhalation of concentrated fumes may be fatal. Moderate fire risk, explosive limits in air 16– 25%. Forms explosive compounds in contact with silver or mercury. Eye damage and upper respiratory tract irritant.

Health Hazard

Ammonia is intensely irritating to the eyes,nose, and respiratory tract. Toxic effectsinclude lachrymation, respiratory distress,chest pain, and pulmonary edema. A concentration of 10 ppm may be detected by odor;irritation of eyes and nose is perceptible atabout 200 ppm. A few minutes of exposureto 3000 ppm can be intolerable, causing seri ous blistering of the skin, lung edema, andasphyxia, leading to death. It is corrosive toskin because it reacts with moisture to formcaustic ammonium hydroxide. Long expo sure may result in destruction of tissues
LC50 value, inhalation (mice): 4200 ppm/hr.

Brandgefahr

Mixing of ammonia with several chemicals can cause severe fire hazards and/or explosions. Ammonia in container may explode in heat of fire. Incompatible with many materials including silver and gold salts, halogens, alkali metals, nitrogen trichloride, potassium chlorate, chromyl chloride, oxygen halides, acid vapors, azides, ethylene oxide, picric acid and many other chemicals. Mixing with other chemicals and water. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.

Flammability and Explosibility

Ammonia vapor is slightly flammable (NFPA rating = 1) and ignites only with difficulty. Ammonia forms explosive mixtures with air in the range 16 to 25%. Water, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ammonia fires.

Pharmazeutische Anwendungen

Ammonia solution is typically not used undiluted in pharmaceutical applications. Generally, it is used as a buffering agent or to adjust the pH of solutions. Most commonly, ammonia solution (the concentrated form) is used to produce more dilute ammonia solutions.
Therapeutically, dilute ammonia solution is used as a reflex stimulant in ‘smelling salts’, as a rubefacient, and as a counterirritant to neutralize insect bites or stings.

Industrielle Verwendung

Ammonia (NH3) is an alkaline gas with a sharp, penetrating odor. Reacting nitrogen and hydrogen under pressure, in the presence of a catalyst, produces ammonia. Gaseous ammonia is flammable in air at concentrations of 15–28% by volume. Anhydrous liquid ammonia is a colorless liquid with a strong odor. Ammonia, because of its unique chemical properties to metal ions, is primarily used in hydrometallurgical processing. In the mineral processing industry, ammonia is rarely used as a pH regulator. There was only one operating plant in the world that used ammonia as a pH regulator in treatment of a copper/zinc ore.

Materials Uses

Most common metals are not affected by dry ammonia. However, when combined with water vapor, ammonia will attack copper, zinc, or alloys containing copper as a major alloying element. Therefore, these materials should not be used in contact with ammonia. Certain hightensile- strength steel have developed stresscorrosion cracking in ammonia service, but such cracking can be prevented by the use of 0.2 percent water by weight in the ammonia as an inhibitor. Ammonia storage tanks and their valves and fittings are usually made of steel.

Sicherheit(Safety)

Ingestion of strong solutions of ammonia is very harmful and causes severe pain in the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract as well as severe local edema with cough, vomiting, and shock. Burns to the esophagus and stomach may result in perforation. Inhalation of the vapor causes sneezing, coughing, and, in high concentration, pulmonary edema. Asphyxia has been reported. The vapor is irritant to the eyes. Strong solutions are harmful when applied to the conjunctiva and mucous membranes. Topical application of even dilute ammonia solutions, used to treat insect bites, has caused burns, particularly when used with a subsequent dressing.
When used as an excipient, ammonia solution is generally present in a formulation in a highly diluted form.

mögliche Exposition

Ammonia is used as a nitrogen source for many nitrogen-containing compounds. It is used in the production of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate for fertilizers; and in the manufacture of nitric acid, soda; synthetic urea, synthetic fibers; dyes; and plastics. It is also utilized as a refrigerant and in the petroleum refining and chemical industries. It is used in the production of many drugs and pesticides. Other sources of occupational exposure include the silvering of mirrors, gluemaking, tanning of leather; and around nitriding furnaces. Ammonia is produced as a by-product in coal distillation and by the action of steam on calcium cyanamide, and from the decomposition of nitrogenous materials.

Environmental Fate

Chemical/Physical. Reacts violently with acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide, ethylene dichloride (Patnaik, 1992).
Reacts with acids forming water soluble ammonium salts.

Lager

On exposure to the air, ammonia solution rapidly loses ammonia. Ammonia solution should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from the air, in a cool, dry place. The storage temperature should not exceed 208℃.

Versand/Shipping

Shipped in tank cars, tank trucks, barges, and steel cylinders. Labeling and restrictions vary with concentration: NA1005 Ammonia, anhydrous, Hazard Class: 2.2; Labels: 2.2-Nonflammable compressed gas, Domestic (U.S.), Inhalation Hazard (Special Provision 13). UN1005 Ammonia, anhydrous, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poison Gas, 8-Corrosive material International, Inhalation Hazard Zone D. UN2672 Ammonia solutions, relative density between 0.880 and 0.957 @ 15 C in water, with .10 % but NOT . 35 % ammonia, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN2073 Ammonia solution, relative density less than 0.880 @ 15 C in water, with . 35% but NOT . 50% ammonia, Hazard Class: 2.2; Labels: 2.2-Nonflammable compressed gas. Note: Also used for Ammonium hydroxide, CAS1336-21-6, Record A:0110.

läuterung methode

Dry the liquid, and store it, with sodium in a steel cylinder, then distil and condense it by means of liquid air, the non-condensable gases being pumped off. In order to obtain liquid NH3 from a cylinder, turn the cylinder upside-down (i.e. with the valve at the bottom, use a metal stand to secure it in this position) and lead a plastic tube from the tap to a measuring cylinder placed in an efficient fume cupboard which is kept running. Turn the tap on and allow the ammonia to be released. At first, gas and liquid will splatter out (make sure that the plastic tube is secure), but soon the liquid will drip into the measuring cylinder. The high latent heat of evaporation will cool the ammonia so that the liquid will remain cool and not boil vigorously. If the ammonia is required dry, the necessary precautions should be taken, i.e. the gas is allowed to flow through tubes packed with coarse CaO pellets. AMMONIA (gas, liquid or aqueous solution) is very irritating and should not be inhaled in any quantity as it can lead to olfactory paralysis (temporary or permanent).

Inkompatibilitäten

Ammonia solution reacts vigorously with sulfuric acid or other strong mineral acids and the reaction generates considerable heat; the mixture boils.

Waste disposal

Dilute with water, neutralize with HCl and discharge to sewer. Recovery is an option to disposal which should be considered for paper manufacture, textile treating, fertilizer manufacture and chemical process wastes.

Regulatory Status

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral suspensions, topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

Ammoniak, wasserfrei Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


Ammoniak, wasserfrei Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global( 509)Lieferanten
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ARCTIC EXPORTS INC
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ARCTICEXPORTSINC@GMAIL.COM Canada 62 58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.
+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512
info@tianfuchem.com China 21703 55
SHANDONG ZHI SHANG CHEMICAL CO.LTD
+86 18953170293
sales@sdzschem.com China 2931 58
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.
18871490254
linda@hubeijusheng.com CHINA 28180 58
Hubei xin bonus chemical co. LTD
86-13657291602
linda@hubeijusheng.com CHINA 22968 58
Shanghai Longyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
+8615821988213
info@longyupharma.com China 2530 58
CONIER CHEM AND PHARMA LIMITED
+8618523575427
sales@conier.com China 47464 58
career henan chemical co
+86-0371-86658258 15093356674;
factory@coreychem.com China 29827 58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.
0551-65418671
sales@tnjchem.com China 34572 58
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1026@dideu.com China 29831 58

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