질산나트륨

질산나트륨 속성

질산나트륨 MSDS

Sodium nitrate

질산나트륨 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

순도시험

  (1) 용상 : 「질산칼륨」의 순도시험 (1)에 따라 시험한다.

  (2) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (3) 납 : 「메타인산나트륨」의 순도시험 (2)에 따라 시험한다(2.0ppm 이하).

  (4) 수은 : 이 품목을 수은시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 1.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (5) 아질산염 : 이 품목 1g을 정밀히 달아 물에 녹여 100mL로 한다. 이 액 20mL를 취하여 100mL 플라스크에 넣고 물을 가하여 약 80mL로 한 다음 설파닐아미드용액 10mL를 가해 주고 혼합한다. 3분후 커플링용액 1mL를 가해 주고 물을 가하여 100mL로 한 다음 잘 섞어 주고 15분 동안 방치한 액을 파장 540nm에서 흡광도를 측정한다. 검량선 및 다음 계산식에 따라 아질산염의 양을 구할 때, 그 양은 30ppm 이하이어야 한다.

    A : 검량선으로부터 구한 아질산염의 양(μg)

    W : 검체의 채취량(g)

     검량선의 작성 : 아질산나트륨 0.75g을 정밀히 달아 물에 녹여 1,000mL로 하고 이 액 10mL에 물을 가하여 100mL로 하고, 다시 이 액 10mL에 물을 가하여 1,000mL로 한 액을 표준용액으로 한다. 각 표준용액 0, 5, 10, 20 및 50mL(각 액 1mL는 아질산염 0, 2.5, 5, 10 및 25μg 함유)를 취하여 각각의 100mL 플라스크에 넣고 물을 가하여 약 80mL씩으로 한 다음, 각 액에 설파닐아미드용액 10mL를 가해 주고 혼합한다. 3분 후 각각에 커플링용액 1mL씩을 가해 주고 물을 가하여 100mL씩으로 한 다음 잘 섞어 주고 15분 동안 방치한 다음 각 액을 파장 540nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 검량선을 작성한다.

     설파닐아미드용액 : 설파닐아미드 2g을 묽은염산에 녹여 1,000mL로 한다.

     커플링용액 : N-1-나프틸에틸렌디아민이염산 0.2g을 물에 녹여 100mL로 한다.

  (6) 염화물 : 이 품목 0.1g을 취하여 염화물시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 0.01N 염산 0.6mL에 대응하는 양 이하이어야 한다.

확인시험

  이 품목은 확인시험법 중 질산염 및 나트륨염의 반응을 나타낸다.

개요

Sodium nitrate, also known as Chile saltpeter and soda niter, has a molecular formula of NaNO3. Sodium nitrate is a colorless, odorless, transparent crystal. It oxidizes when exposed to air and is soluble in water. This material explodes at 1000°F (537°C), much lower than temperatures encountered in many fires. Sodium nitrate is toxic by ingestion and has caused cancer in test animals. When used in the curing of fish and meat products, it is restricted to 100 ppm. Sodium nitrate is incompatible with ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts. The four-digit UN identification number is 1498. Sodium nitrate is used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning and in the curing of fish and meat.

화학적 성질

Sodium nitrate, NaNO3, also known as soda niter and Chile saltpeter, is a fire-hazardous, transparent, colorless and odorless crystalline solid. It is soluble in glycerol and water,decomposes when heated,and melts at 308°C (585 °F). Sodium nitrate is used in making nitric and sulfuric acids, in the manufacture of glass and pottery enamel, as a fertilizer, as a food preservative, in explosives, and as a welding flux.

물리적 성질

Colorless crystalline solid; saline taste; trigonal, and rhombohedrals structure; density 2.257g/cm³; refractive index 1.587 (trigonal) and 1.336 (rhombohedral); melts at 308°C; decomposes at 380°C; specific conductance 95 μmhos/cm at 300°C; viscosity 2.85 centipoise at 317°C; very soluble in water 92.1 g/100 mL at 25°C and 180 g/100 mL at 100°C; very soluble in liquid ammonia; soluble in alcohol.

출처

There are several natural deposits of sodium nitrate in various parts of the world, including Chile, Mexico, Egypt, and the United States. The most important application of sodium nitrate is its use as a fertilizer in agriculture. It is an effective fertilizer for cotton, tobacco, and vegetable crops. Its agricultural applications, however, have dwindled considerably in recent years because of the growth of ammonium nitrate and other fertilizers.
Another major use of sodium nitrate is in manufacturing explosives. It is a component of many types of dynamites and water-based slurry type blasting explosives. Sodium nitrate also is used in making charcoal briquettes. Sodium nitrate is used as an oxidizing and fluxing agent in manufacturing vitreous glass, fiberglass, porcelain, and enamels. Other uses are in the heat-treatment baths for alloys and metals, as a food preservative, in curing meats, and in preparing various salts.

용도

Sodium Nitrate is the salt of nitric acid that functions as an antimi- crobial agent and preservative. it is a naturally occurring substance in spinach, beets, broccoli, and other vegetables. it consists of color- less, odorless crystals or crystalline granules. it is moderately deli- quescent in moist air and is readily soluble in water. it is used in meat curing to develop and stabilize the pink color. see nitrate.

생산 방법

Sodium nitrate is recovered from natural deposits. One such process, known as the Guggenheim nitrate process, is briefly outlined below: The ore is crushed. Sodium nitrate is leached from the ore by extraction with a brine solution at 40°C. The brine for leaching is made up of an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate, MgSO₃, and calcium sulfate, CaSO₃. The caliche variety of Chilean ore contains mostly sodium nitrate and sodium chloride as the main saline components, along with limestone, clays, sand, lime, and inert volcanic rocks. Sodium nitrate usually occurs in this ore as a double salt with sodium sulfate NaNO³?Na²SO₃?H₃O. This double salt, which is sparingly soluble in water, is broken down by magnesium in leaching brine solution, thus releasing more sodium nitrate into the extract. Sodium nitrate finally is recovered from the leachate brine by fractional crystallization.
Brines of other compositions have been used to extract sodium nitrate from its ores. Many such processes, including the Shanks process practiced in the past to produce sodium nitrate, are now obsolete.

정의

ChEBI: The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.

일반 설명

A white crystalline solid. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in fire or the combustible material is finely divided an explosion may result. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Used in solid propellants, explosives, fertilizers, and for many other uses.

공기와 물의 반응

Soluble in water.

반응 프로필

A mixture of Sodium nitrate and sodium hypophosphite constitute a powerful explosive [Mellor 8, Supp. 1:154 1964]. Sodium nitrate and aluminum powder mixtures have been reported to be explosive,[Fire, 1935, 28, 30]. The nitrate appears to be incompatible with barium thiocyanate, antimony, arsenic trioxide/iron(II) sulfate, boron phosphide, calcium-sodium alloy, magnesium, metal amidosulfates, metal cyanides, powdered charcoal, peroxyformic acid, phenol/trifluoroacetic acid, sodium, sodium nitrite/sodium sulfide, sodium phosphinate, sodium thiosulfate, tris( cyclopentadienyl)cerium, and even wood [Bretherick 5th ed., 1995].

위험도

Fire risk near organic materials, ignites on friction and explodes when shocked or heated to 1000F (537C). Toxic by ingestion; content in cured meats, fish, and other food products restricted.

건강위험

INGESTION: Dizziness, abdominal cramps, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, weakness, convulsions, and collapse. Small repeated doses may cause headache and mental impairment.

Safety Profile

Human poison by ingestion. Poison by intravenous route.Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Human mutation data reported. A powerful oxidizer. It will iqte with heat or friction. Explodes when heated to over 1000°F, or when mixed with cyanides, sodium hypophosphte, boron phosphide. Forms explosive mixtures with aluminum powder, antimony powder, barium thiocyanate, metal amidosulfates, sodium, sodium phosphinate, sodium thiosulfate, sulfur + charcoal (gunpowder). Potentially violent reaction or ignition when mixed with bitumen, organic matter, calcium-shcon alloy, jute + magnesium chloride, magnesium, metal cyanides, nonmetals, peroxyformic acid, phenol + trifluoroacetic acid. Incompatible with acetic anhydride, barium thocyanate, wood. A dangerous disaster hazard. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and Na2O. See also NITRATES.

Purification Methods

Crystallise NaNO3 from hot water (0.6mL/g) by cooling to 0o, or from a concentrated aqueous solution by adding MeOH. Dry it under a vacuum at 140o. After two recrystallisations, technical grade sodium nitrate had K, Mg, B, Fe Al, and Li at 100, 29, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.2 ppm respectively. (See KNO3.)

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