사염화실란 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Chlorosilanes (general formula RnHmSiCl4-n-m, where R is an
alkyl, aryl, or olefin group) are compounds in which silicon is
bound to between one and four chlorine atoms, bonds with
hydrogen and/or organic groups making its total number of
bonds up to four. Chlorosilanes react with water, moist air, and
steam, producing heat and toxic, corrosive hydrogen chloride
fumes. Contact between gaseous hydrogen chloride and metals
may release gaseous hydrogen, which is inflammable and
explosive. Chlorosilanes react vigorously with oxidizing agents,
alcohols, strong acids, strong bases, ketones, and aldehydes.
화학적 성질
Clear colorless liquid
용도
Tetrachlorosilane, can be used as a coupling agent for the synthesis of amine from carboxylic acid and an amide. It can also be used in preparation of high purity silicon, used in photovoltaic cells, and in the semiconductors industry.
생산 방법
Manufactured directly by the reaction of chlorine on silicon
metal or ferrosilicon at 500C or silicon carbide.
일반 설명
Tetrachlorosilane is a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Tetrachlorosilane is decomposed by water to hydrochloric acid with evolution of heat. Tetrachlorosilane is corrosive to metals and tissue in the presence of moisture. Tetrachlorosilane is used in smoke screens, to make various silicon containing chemicals, and in chemical analysis.
반응 프로필
Chlorosilanes, such as Tetrachlorosilane, are compounds in which silicon is bonded to from one to four chlorine atoms with other bonds to hydrogen and/or alkyl groups. Chlorosilanes react with water, moist air, or steam to produce heat and toxic, corrosive fumes of hydrogen chloride. They may also produce flammable gaseous H2. They can serve as chlorination agents. Chlorosilanes react vigorously with both organic and inorganic acids and with bases to generate toxic or flammable gases. Tetrachlorosilane is incompatible with alkali metals and dimethyl sulfoxide.
위험도
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, strong
irritant to tissue.
건강위험
Inhalation causes severe irritation of upper respiratory tract resulting in coughing, choking, and a feeling of suffocation; continued inhalation may produce ulceration of the nose, throat, and larynx; if inhaled deeply, edema of the lungs may occur. Contact of liquid with eyes causes severe irritation and painful burns; may cause permanent visual impairment. Liquid may cause severe burns of skin. Repeated skin contact with dilute solutions or exposure to concentrated vapors may cause dermatitis. Ingestion causes severe internal injury with pain in the throat and stomach, intense thirst, difficulty in swallowing, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; in severe cases, collapse and unconsciousness may result.
화재위험
Behavior in Fire: Contact with water in foam applied to adjacent fires will produce irritating fumes of hydrogen chloride.
Safety Profile
Mildly toxic by inhalation. A corrosive irritant to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Reacts with water to form HCl. Violent reaction with Na, K. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CHLOROSILANES.
환경귀착
Studies of rats subjected to acute inhalation of 10 structurally
similar chlorosilanes, including tetrachlorosilane, suggest that
the acute toxicity of chlorosilanes is largely due to the hydrogen
chloride hydrolysis product. The observed effects were similar
to those of HCl inhalation both qualitatively (clinical signs)
and quantitatively (molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride at
the atmospheric LC50).
Purification Methods
Distil it under vacuum and store it in sealed ampoules under N2. It fumes in moist air and is very sensitive to moisture. It is soluble in organic solvents. It is a strong irritant. [Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I pp 682-683 1963.]
사염화실란 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
