Acetazolamid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Beschreibung
Acetazolamide is a weak diuretic with limited use in edema associated with cardiac
insufficiency, glaucoma, minor epileptic attacks, and altitude sickness.
Chemische Eigenschaften
White Solid
Verwenden
Acetazolamide is used for epilepsy in the absence of attacks and also in conjunction with
other antiepileptic drugs.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
White to yellowish-white fine crystalline powder. No odor or taste.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
A weak acid and a diazo derivative. Azo, diazo, azido compounds can detonate. This applies in particular to organic azides that have been sensitized by the addition of metal salts or strong acids. Toxic gases are formed by mixing materials of this class with acids, aldehydes, amides, carbamates, cyanides, inorganic fluorides, halogenated organics, isocyanates, ketones, metals, nitrides, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, acyl halides, and strong oxidizing or reducing agents. Flammable gases are formed by mixing materials in this group with alkali metals. Explosive combination can occur with strong oxidizing agents, metal salts, peroxides, and sulfides.
Brandgefahr
Flash point data for Acetazolamide are not available; however, Acetazolamide is probably combustible.
Mechanism of action
Acetazolamide is an aromatic sulfonamide used as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It facilitates
production of alkaline urine with an elevated biocarbonate, sodium, and potassium ion concentrations.
By inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, the drug suppresses reabsorption of sodium ions
in exchange for hydrogen ions, increases reflux of bicarbonate and sodium ions and reduces
reflux of chloride ions. During this process, chloride ions are kept in the kidneys to cover of
insufficiency of bicarbonate ions, and for keeping an ion balance. Electrolytic contents of fluid
secreted by the kidneys in patients taking carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are characterized by
elevated levels of sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate ions and a moderate increase in water
level. Urine becomes basic, and the concentration of bicarbonate in the plasma is reduced.
Clinical Use
Acetazolamide was the first of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors to be introduced as an orally effective diuretic, with a diuretic effect that lasts approximately 8 to 12
hours. As mentioned earlier, its diuretic action is limited because of the systemic acidosis it produces. Acetazolamide
reduces the rate of aqueous humor formation and is used primarily for reducing intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma. The dose is 250 mg to 1 g per day.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by subcutaneous and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Human systemic effects by ingestion: dyspnea. An experimental teratogen by many routes. Other experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, and SOx,. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and dmretic used to treat glaucoma.
läuterung methode
It is recrystallised from water. [Roblin & Clapp J Am Chem Soc 72 4890 1950, Beilstein 27 III/IV 8219.]
Acetazolamid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Acetylchlorid
Ammoniumthiocyanat
Sulfuryldichlorid
N-(4,5-Dihydro-5-thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamid
Dinatriumdisulfit
Butanedioic acid,1-[1-[[(1-methylethyl)amino]methyl]-2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl] ester
Benzoic acid, 2-[[[[5-(acetylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]sulfonyl]amino]carbonyl]-, 1-[[(1-methylethyl)amino]methyl]-2-(1-naphthalenyloxy)ethyl ester
5-AMINO-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLE-2-SULFONAMIDE
N-[5-[(Phenylmethyl)thio]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]acetamid
2-(ACETAMIDO)-5-(CHLOROSULFONYL)-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLE
Downstream Produkte
