Platin

Platinum Struktur
7440-06-4
CAS-Nr.
7440-06-4
Bezeichnung:
Platin
Englisch Name:
Platinum
Synonyma:
PT;PLATINUM ON CARBON;Platin;PLATINUM CARBON;PLATINUM CATALYST;PLATINUM BLACK;conductive paste;COLLOIDAL PLATINUM;PLATINIZED ASBESTOS;PLATINUM ON CHARCOAL
CBNumber:
CB1120936
Summenformel:
Pt
Molgewicht:
195.08
MOL-Datei:
7440-06-4.mol

Platin Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
1772 °C (lit.)
Siedepunkt:
3827 °C (lit.)
Dichte
21.45 g/cm3 (lit.)
Brechungsindex
n20/D 1.347
Flammpunkt:
3825°C
storage temp. 
2-8°C
Löslichkeit
Soluble in hot aqua regia.
Aggregatzustand
wire
Farbe
White
Wichte
21.45
Widerstand (resistivity)
10.6 μΩ-cm, 20°C
Wasserlöslichkeit
Insoluble
Merck 
14,7529
Expositionsgrenzwerte
ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3
OSHA: TWA 0.002 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 1 mg/m3
Dielectric constant
6.5(Ambient)
Stabilität:
Stable. Platinum black is highly flammable.
InChIKey
BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Datenbank
7440-06-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen
Platinum(7440-06-4)
EPA chemische Informationen
Platinum (7440-06-4)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserklärung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gefährlicher F,Xi,Xn,N
R-Sätze: 11-37-20-36/37/38-36/37-40-42/43-22-50/53
S-Sätze: 36-7/9-33-16-38-22-26-14-36/37/39-27-24/25-36/37-45-23-61-60
RIDADR  UN 3264 8/PG 3
WGK Germany  3
RTECS-Nr. TP2160000
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  4.1
PackingGroup  III
HS Code  28439000
Giftige Stoffe Daten 7440-06-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
IDLA 4 mg Pt/m3
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Achtung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H228 Entzündbarer Feststoff. Entzündbare Feststoffe Kategorie 1 Achtung
Warnung
P210, P240,P241, P280, P370+P378
Sicherheit
P210 Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.
P240 Behälter und zu befüllende Anlage erden.
P241 Explosionsgeschützte [elektrische/Lüftungs-/ Beleuchtungs-/...] Geräte verwenden.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P370+P378 Bei Brand: zum Löschen verwenden.

Platin Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

SCHWARZES PULVER.

CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

Platin ist eine katalytisch wirkende Substanz und kann Reaktionen in Kontakt mit vielen organischen und anorganischen Substanzen auslösen. Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV: (als Platinmetall) 1 mg/m? (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation.

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Verdampfen bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine belästigende Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden, besonders als Pulver.

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Atemwege.

LECKAGE

Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P1-Filter für inerte Partikel.

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R37:Reizt die Atmungsorgane.
R20:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R36/37:Reizt die Augen und die Atmungsorgane.

S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S7/9:Behälter dicht geschlossen an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S38:Bei unzureichender Belüftung Atemschutzgerät anlegen.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S14:Von . . . fernhalten (inkompatible Substanzen sind vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S27:Beschmutzte, getränkte Kleidung sofort ausziehen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.

Beschreibung

Platinum was discovered in Colombia, South America by Ulloa in 1735 and six years later in 1741 by Wood. The metal was isolated from native platinum by Delisle in 1775 and produced in malleable form by Chabaneau in 1786. Wollaston in 1803 developed a method of obtaining pure malleable platinum from crude platinum by extraction with aqua regia. The process led to the discovery of two other platinum group metals, palladium and rhodium, that were found in the aqua regia extract after platinum precipitated. Platinum derived its name from platina originating from the Spanish word plata for silver, because it was thought to be a trivial unwanted material associated with gold in gold mines of Central America.
Platinum occurs in nature as a bright-white cubic crystalline solid with metallic luster associated with other noble metals of its group. Platinum also occurs as the mineral sperrylite, PtAs2, found as tin-white brittle cubic crystals containing 52−57% platinum in certain nickel-bearing deposits. Some other minerals of platinum are cooperite PtS (Pt 80-86%); and braggite(Pt, Pd, Ni)S (Pt 58-60%). The abundance of platinum in the earth’s crust is estimated to be 0.005 mg/kg.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Platinum is a soft, ductile, malleable, silverwhite metal. It is found in the metallic form and as the arsenide, sperrylite. It forms complex soluble salts, such as Na2PtCl6. It also forms halides. Metallic platinum is insoluble in water. Platinum(IV) chloride is red-brown crystals or powder.

Physikalische Eigenschaften

Platinum is classed by tradition and commercial usefulness as a precious metal that is soft,dense, dull, and silvery-white in color, and it is both malleable and ductile and can be formedinto many shapes. Platinum is considered part of the “precious” metals group that includesgold, silver, iridium, and palladium. It is noncorrosive at room temperature and is not solublein any acid except aqua regia. It does not oxidize in air, which is the reason that it is foundin its elemental metallic form in nature. Its melting point is 1,772°C, its boiling point is3,827°C, and its density is 195.09g/cm3.

Isotopes

There are a total of 43 isotopes for platinum. Five of these are stable, andanother has such a long half-life that it is considered practically stable (Pt-190 with ahalf-life of 6.5×10+11 years). Pt-190 contributes just 0.014% to the proportion of platinumfound on Earth. The stable isotopes and their contributions to platinum’s existenceon Earth are as follows: Pt-192 = 0.782%, Pt-194 = 32.967%, Pt-195 = 33.832%, Pt-196 = 25.242%, and Pt-198 = 7.163%. All the other isotopes are radioactive and areproduced artificially. They have half-lives ranging from a few microseconds to minutes tohours, and one has a half-life of 50 years (Pt-193).

Origin of Name

The name “platinum” is derived from the Spanish word platina, which means “silver.”

Occurrence

Platinum is the 75th most abundant element and, unlike many elements, is found in itspure elemental form in nature, as are deposits of silver and gold. Platinum is widely distributedover the Earth and is mined mainly in the Ural Mountains in Russia and in South Africa,Alaska, the western United States, Columbia in South America, and Ontario in Canada.When found in the mineral sperrylite (PtAs2), it is dissolved with aqua regia to form a precipitatecalled “sponge” that is then converted into platinum metal. It is also recovered as aby-product of nickel mining, mainly in Ontario, Canada.

Charakteristisch

Platinum is the main metal in the platinum group, which consists of metals in both period5 and period 6. They are ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Ro), and palladium (Pd) in period 5 andosmium (Os), iridium (Ir), and platinum (Pt) in period 6. All six of these metals share someof the same physical and chemical properties. Also, the other metals in the group are usuallyfound in platinum ore deposits.
Platinum can absorb great quantities of hydrogen gas, which makes it useful as a catalystin industry to speed up chemical reactions.

Verwenden

manufacture of apparatus for laboratory and industrial use, thermocouples, platinum resistance thermometers, acidproof containers, electrodes, etc. In dentistry; jewelry; electroplating. As oxidation catalyst in manufacture of acetic acid, nitric acid from ammonia, manufacture of sulfuric acid; control of automotive emissions.

Vorbereitung Methode

Platinum is obtained mainly from copper and nickel ores, and platinum alloys and by recovery from the catalyst and other waste. The main stages of platinum production include extraction of the precious metal concentrate from the ore followed by separation through a complex refining process, during which the concentrate is dissolved in aqua regia, and the platinum is precipitated in the form of ammonium(IV) hexachloroplatinate. The precipitate is then calcinated at 600–700 °C to give platinum sponge, which is then hardened by melting at high temperatures, such as in the electric arc. The resultant gray platinum sponge contains 99.95–99.9% pure metal. Another method of platinum production involves its reduction to metal from the aqueous platinum salts by zinc, magnesium, iron, or aluminum. Similar procedures are used to recover platinum from the catalytic converters and other waste. The hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid produced by treating platinum with aqua regia is an important chemical platinum compound used to obtain various platinum salts.

Definition

A silvery-white malleable ductile transition metal. It occurs naturally in Australia and Canada, either free or in association with other platinum metals. It is resistant to oxidation and is not attacked by acids (except aqua regia) or alkalis. Platinum is used as a catalyst for ammonia oxidation (to make nitric acid) and in catalytic converters. It is also used in jewelry. Symbol: Pt; m.p. 1772°C; b.p. 3830 ± 100°C; r.d. 21.45 (20°C); p.n. 78; r.a.m. 195.08.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

Silvery, whitish-gray, malleable, ductile metal. Mp: 1772°C; bp: 2187°C. Density: 21.45 g cm-3 at room conditions (very dense). Also shipped as a finely divided powder (Platinum black), as a sponge, and as particles deposited on a supporting material such as alumina. Has strong catalytic activity in these forms; finely divided Platinum can be dangerous to handle in the vicinity of other chemicals on this account. Used Platinum catalysts are particularly dangerous and can be explosive.

Reaktivität anzeigen

Massive Platinum (lump, ingot, etc.) is generally inert. Dissolves readily in aqua regia (mixture of concentrated hydrochloride and concentrated nitric acids). Reacts rapidly with molten alkali metal oxides and peroxides. Reacts with F2 and Cl2 at red heat. Absorbs large volumes of hydrogen when hot. Catalyzes the exothermic oxidation of ammonia by air. Finely divided Platinum is incompatible with aluminum, acetone, arsenic, ethane, hydrazine, hydrogen peroxide, lithium, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium and many fluorides. Explosion can occur upon contact with hydrogen peroxide. Platinum black, sponge and supported catalysts have strong catalytic activity; can be dangerous to handle in the vicinity of other chemicals on this account. Used Platinum catalysts are particularly dangerous and can cause explosions. Ethanol or methanol can ignite on contact with a Platinum-black catalyst. (Urben 1794).

Hazard

Fine platinum powder may explode if near an open flame. Because platinum is rather inertin its elemental metallic form, it is not poisonous to humans, but some of its compounds,particularly its soluble salts, are toxic if inhaled or ingested.

Health Hazard

Exposure to the complex salts of platinum, especially ammonium hexachloroplatinate and ammonium tetrachloroplatinate, but not elemental platinum, may cause skin sensitization and a progressive allergic reaction that may lead to pronounced asthmatic symptoms.
The signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity include urticaria, contact dermatitis of the skin, and respiratory disorders ranging from sneezing, shortness of breath, and cyanosis to severe asthma. The latency period from the first contact with platinum to the occurrence of the first symptoms varies from a few weeks to several years.

Sicherheitsprofil

Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data by implant route. Finely divided platinum is a powerful catalyst and can be dangerous to handle. Used catalysts are especially dangerous and may be explosive. May undergo hazardous reactions with aluminum, acetone, arsenic, carbon + methanol, nitrosyl chloride, dioxygen difluoride, ethanol, hydrazine, hydrogen + air, hydrogen peroxide, lithium, methyl hydroperoxide, ozonides, peroxpmonosulfuric acid, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, vanadium dichloride + water. See also PLATINUM COMPOUNDS.

mögliche Exposition

Platinum and its alloys have high electrical conductivity and excellent catalytic properties. They are used in relays, contacts and tubes in electronic equipment, in spark plug electrodes for aircraft; and windings in high-temperature electrical furnaces. Platinum alloys are used for standards for weight, length, and temperature measurement. Platinum and platinum catalysts, for example, hexachloroplatinic acid and H2PtCl6, are widely used in the chemical industry in persulfuric, nitric, and sulfuric acid production, in the synthesis of organic compounds and vitamins, and for producing higher octane gasoline. They are coming into use in catalyst systems for control of exhaust pollutants from automobiles. They are used in the equipment for handling molten glass and manufacturing fibrous glass; in laboratory, medical, and dental apparatus; in electroplating; in photography; in jewelry; and in X-ray fluorescent screens. Because platinum complexes are used as antitumor agents, the potential for carcinogenic activity is present; tests to clarify this aspect should be conducted. While low levels of emissions of platinum particulate have been observed from some catalyst-equipped automobiles, the major potential source of Pt is from the disposal of spent catalysts.

Environmental Fate

Inhalation of industrial platinum compounds may be a problem. The general population is exposed to platinum by the dermal route, especially from jewelry. The oral route is not significant because the absorption is very poor.
Platinum can enter the environment through automobile emissions from the platinum-containing catalytic converter.Relatively high levels of platinum can be found along congested roadways. A number of chemotherapeutic agents contain platinum and thus their disposal can lead to environmental contamination. In industrialized regions, relatively high concentrations can be found in waterway sediments. Organic matter binds to the metal. In soil, mobility depends on pH, redox potential, and chloride concentration. Platinum will likely only mobilize under highly acidic conditions or in soil water with high chloride content. Some platinum (IV) complexes, in the presence of platinum (II), may undergo methylation by microorganisms.

Versand/Shipping

UN3089 Metal powders, flammable, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 4.1; Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid.

Inkompatibilitäten

Dust or powder may form explosive mixture with air. Platinum metal is incompatible with aluminum; acetone, arsenic, ethane, hydrazine, hydrogen peroxide; lithium, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, various fluorides.

Waste disposal

Catalyst disposal is expected to be the largest contributor of Pt to the environment. The value of the metal would help to offset the cost of reclaiming the Pt from discarded catalysts. If direct vehicular emissions of Pt are found to be significant, particulate taps, which are available at reasonable cost, may provide a technological solution. In any event, recovery and recycling is the preferred technique for both health and economic reasons. Details of platinum recovery and recycling from plating wastes, platinum metal refinery effluents; spent catalysts and precious metals scrap have been published.

Platin Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


Platin Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global( 374)Lieferanten
Firmenname Telefon E-Mail Land Produktkatalog Edge Rate
henan kanbei chemical co.,ltd
+undefined-86-1523780-4566 +undefined15237804566
henankanbeichemical@163.com China 511 58
Xi’an Sengmei Biotech Co.,Ltd.
+8615398038360
lionel@accenturebio.com China 288 58
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd
+86-13288715578 +86-13231137666
sales@hbmojin.com China 12409 58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.
+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512
info@tianfuchem.com China 21703 55
Nanjing ChemLin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
025-83697070
product@chemlin.com.cn CHINA 3012 60
AB PharmaTech,LLC
323-480-4688
United States 989 55
career henan chemical co
+86-0371-86658258
sales@coreychem.com China 29919 58
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.
18871490254
linda@hubeijusheng.com CHINA 28180 58
Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
+86-19930503282
alice@crovellbio.com China 8823 58
Shandong chuangyingchemical Co., Ltd.
18853181302
sale@chuangyingchem.com CHINA 5909 58

7440-06-4(Platin)Verwandte Suche:


  • Platinum, 1% on activated carbon paste, Type 163
  • Platinum, 10% on activated carbon paste, Type 128M
  • Platinum, 5% on activated carbon paste, Type 128M
  • Platinum, 5% on carbon paste, B501032-5
  • Platinum, 3% on carbon paste, B103032-3
  • Platinum, 5% on alumina powder, B301099-5
  • Platinum, 5% on activated carbon paste, Type 18
  • Platinum, 5% on carbon paste, B501018-5
  • Platinum gauze
  • Platinum wire, 0.404mm dia., annealed, 99.9% trace metals basis
  • Platinum wire, 0.762mm dia., hard, 99.95% trace metals basis
  • Platinum sponge, ≤2mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
  • Platinum wire, 0.25mm dia., 99.9% trace metals basis
  • Platinum wire, 0.508mm dia., for ISA Type R or S Standard Grade Thermocouple
  • Platinum granules, ≤6.35mm, 99.95% trace metals basis
  • Platinum wire, 0.5mm dia., hard, 99.95% trace metals basis
  • Platinum powder, -22 mesh, 99.99% trace metals basis
  • Platinum, 3% on activated carbon powder
  • Platinum slug
  • Platinum shot, 0.1 to 3mm (0.004 to 0.1 in.)
  • Platinum Thinfoil, 0.004 (±)0.0025mm (0.00016 (±)0.0001 in.) thick, Not certified pinhole free
  • Platinum wire, 0.5mm (0.02 in.) dia, Premion?
  • Platinum standard solution, 1 mg/ml Pt in 10% HCl
  • Platinum gauze, Woven from 0.198mm (0.0078 in.) dia. wire
  • Platinum wire, 2.0mm (0.0 8 in.) dia., Annealed, Temper: soft
  • Platinum foil, 0.5mm (0.02 in.) thick
  • Platinum foil, 0.635mm (0.025 in.) thick
  • Platinum wire, 0.127mm (0.005 in.) dia.
  • Platinum foil, 0.203mm (0.008 in.) thick
  • Platinum foil, 0.25mm (0.01 in.) thick
  • Platinum Thinfoil, 0.00125mm (0.00005 in.) thick, Hard, Not certified pinhole free, Temper: as rolled
  • Platinum wire, 0.1016mm (0.004 in.) dia.
  • Platinum rod, 6.35mm (0.25 in.) dia.
  • Platinum slug, 6.35mm (0.25 in.) dia. x 12.7mm (0.50 in.) length
  • Platinum wire, 0.01mm (0.0004 in.) dia., Hard
  • Platinum, 0.5% on granular carbon
  • Platinum wire, 0.0508mm (0.002 in.) dia., Hard, Temper: as drawn
  • Platinum, 0.27-0.47 micron, 99.9%
  • Platinum HiSPEC? 4100, Nominally 40% on high surface area advanced carbon support
  • Platinum, 0.8-2.2 micron, 99.9%
  • Platinum flake
  • Platinum, 1% on activated carbon paste, 1R18MA
  • Platinum, 5% on graphite, Type 287
  • ASBESTOS PLATINIZED
  • ESCAT TM 2351
  • ESCAT TM 2371
  • ESCAT TM 2421
  • ESCAT TM 2431
  • ESCAT TM 2441
  • ESCAT TM 2621
  • ESCAT TM 2931
  • ESCAT TM 2941
  • ESCAT 2351
  • ESCAT 2371
  • ESCAT 2421
  • PLATINUM ON CALCIUM CARBONATE, UNREDUCED
  • PLATINUM, ON CARBON BLACK
  • PLATINUM, ON CARBON SUPPORT
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