Dodecylhydrogensulfat,Natrium-Salz Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEIßER FESTSTOFF IN VERSCHIEDENEN FORMEN MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Substanz zersetzt sich beim Verbrennen unter Bildung von giftigen und ätzenden Gasen mit Kohlenmonoxid und Schwefeloxiden. (Siehe ICSC 0023, 0074 und 1202). Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln und starken Säuren.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt.
MAK nicht festgelegt.
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren, vor allem als Pulver schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät mit Partikelfilter entsprechend der Arbeitsplatzkonzentration des Stoffes. Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich bei Berührung mit der Haut und beim Verschlucken.
R42:Sensibilisierung durch Einatmen möglich.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
Beschreibung
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant, and is a typical representative of sulphate-based surfactant. It is abbreviated as SDS, and also known as AS, K12, coco alcohol sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate and foaming agent. The commercial products are usually white to light yellow crystalline powder. It is non-toxic, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in chloroform and ether, soluble in water, and has good anionic and nonionic complex compatibility. It has good emulsibility, foamability, and foaming, infiltrating, decontaminating and dispersing properties. It is abundant in foams and quickly biodegradable, and has solubility next only to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulphate (abbreviated as AES). It is not sensitive to alkali and hard water, but its stability is inferior to general sulfonate under acidic conditions and is close to AES. It is not favorable to exceed 95 °C upon long-term heating, and its irritation is at the middle level among surfactants, with an irritation index of 3.3 for a 10% solution, which is higher than AES and lower than sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (abbreviated as LAS). Toxicity LD50 is 1300mg/kg. There is no evidence that this product is carcinogenic, but high doses may indeed irritate the skin. However, in general sanitary products the concentration is limited when used as a forming agent, and is in line with national standards. So there is no need to concern.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a major component of detergent. It is usually used in the DNA extraction process to separate DNA after protein denaturation. It is often misread as sodium dodecyl sulfonate. It is widely used as a foaming agent in toothpaste, soap, shower gel, shampoo, detergent and cosmetics. 95% of personal care products and household cleaning products contain sodium lauryl sulfate.
The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Jin Yinxue.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Sodium lauryl sulfate consists of white or cream to pale yellow coloured crystals, flakes, or powder having a smooth feel, a soapy, bitter taste, and a faint odor of fatty substances. It is easily soluble in water.
Verwenden
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an emulsifier and whipping aid that has a solubility of 1 g in 10 ml of water. It functions as an emulsifier in egg whites. It is used as a whipping aid in marshmallows and angel food cake mix. It also functions to aid in dissolving fumaric acid.
Vorbereitung Methode
Sodium lauryl sulfate is prepared by sulfation of lauryl alcohol,
followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate.
Definition
ChEBI: Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. It has a role as a detergent and a protein denaturant. It contains a dodecyl sulfate.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
White to pale yellow paste or liquid with a mild odor. Sinks and mixes with water.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
DODECYL SULFATE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also incompatible with cationic materials and with acids with pH below 2.5. Salts, basic, such as DODECYL SULFATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.
Health Hazard
Inhalation of dust causes sneezing and coughing. Ingestion of large amounts causes irritation of stomach. Dust irritates eyes and may cause burns on prolonged contact. Contact with skin causes some irritation; continued exposure to water solution causes drying out and cracking.
Brandgefahr
Flash point data for Sodium dodecyl sulfate are not available; however, Sodium dodecyl sulfate is probably combustible.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Sodium lauryl sulfate is an anionic surfactant employed in a wide
range of nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics.
It is a detergent and wetting agent effective in both alkaline and
acidic conditions. In recent years it has found application in
analytical electrophoretic techniques: SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is one of the more widely used
techniques for the analysis of proteins; and sodium lauryl sulfate
has been used to enhance the selectivity of micellar electrokinetic
chromatography (MEKC).
Kontakt-Allergie
This anionic detergent is widely used in cosmetics and industry. As a skin irritant agent, SLS can be used in several dermatological applications. It is also a good indicator of excited skin during patch testing.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. A human skin irritant. An experimental eye and severe skin irritant. A mild allergen. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO, and Na2O. See also ESTERS and SULFATES.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Sodium lauryl sulfate is widely used in cosmetics and oral and
topical pharmaceutical formulations. It is a moderately toxic
material with acute toxic effects including irritation to the skin,
eyes, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, and stomach.
Repeated, prolonged exposure to dilute solutions may cause drying
and cracking of the skin; contact dermatitis may develop.(3)
Prolonged inhalation of sodium lauryl sulfate will damage the
lungs. Pulmonary sensitization is possible, resulting in hyperactive
airway dysfunction and pulmonary allergy. Animal studies have
shown intravenous administration to cause marked toxic effects to
the lung, kidney, and liver. Mutagenic testing in bacterial systems
has proved negative.
Adverse reactions to sodium lauryl sulfate in cosmetics and
pharmaceutical formulations mainly concern reports of irritation to
the skin or eyes following topical application.
Sodium lauryl sulfate should not be used in intravenous
preparations for humans. The probable human lethal oral dose is
0.5–5.0 g/kg body-weight.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.25 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.12 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 1.29 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 0.21 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IV): 0.12 g/kg
Lager
Sodium lauryl sulfate is stable under normal storage conditions.
However, in solution, under extreme conditions, i.e. pH 2.5 or
below, it undergoes hydrolysis to lauryl alcohol and sodium
bisulfate.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container
away from strong oxidizing agents in a cool, dry place.
läuterung methode
Purify this detergent by Soxhlet extraction with pet ether for 24hours, followed by dissolution in acetone/MeOH/H2O 90:5:5(v/v) and recrystallisation [Politi et al. J Phys Chem 89 2345 1985]. It has been purified by two recrystallisations from absolute EtOH, aqueous 95% EtOH, MeOH, isopropanol or a 1:1 mixture of EtOH/isopropanol to remove dodecanol, and dried under vacuum [Ramesh & Labes J Am Chem Soc 109 3228 1987]. SDS has also been purified by repeatedly foaming whereby a 0.15% aqueous solution is made to foam and the foam is discarded, then the H2O is removed in vacuo and the residue is diluted to the required concentrations [see Cockbain & McMullen Trans Faraday Soc 47 322 1951] or by liquid-liquid extraction [see Harrold J Colloid Sci 15 280 1960]. Dry it over silica gel. For DNA work it should be dissolved in excess MeOH passed through an activated charcoal column and evaporated until it crystallises out. It has also been purified by dissolving in hot 95% EtOH (14mL/g), filtering and cooling, then drying in a vacuum desiccator. Alternatively, it is crystallised from H2O, vacuum dried, washed with anhydrous Et2O and dried in vacuum again. These operations are repeated five times [Maritato J Phys Chem 89 1341 1985, Lennox and McClelland J Am Chem Soc 108 3771 1986, Dressik J Am Chem Soc 108 7567 1986]. [Beilstein 1 IV 1847.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Sodium lauryl sulfate reacts with cationic surfactants, causing loss
of activity even in concentrations too low to cause precipitation.
Unlike soaps, it is compatible with dilute acids and calcium and
magnesium ions.
Sodium lauryl sulfate is incompatible with salts of polyvalent
metal ions, such as aluminum, lead, tin or zinc, and precipitates with
potassium salts. Solutions of sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.5–10.0)
are mildly corrosive to mild steel, copper, brass, bronze, and
aluminum.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database
(dental preparations; oral capsules, suspensions, and tablets; topical
and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines
licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable
Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Dodecylhydrogensulfat,Natrium-Salz Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
