염화알루미늄

염화알루미늄 속성

염화알루미늄 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

물성

알루미늄 염화물 (AlCl3)은 알루미늄과 염소의 주요 화합물입니다. 흰색이지만 샘플은 종종 철 (III) 염화물로 오염되어 황색을 띄게됩니다. 주로 알루미늄 금속 생산에서 생산되고 소비되지만 많은 양은 화학 산업의 다른 분야에서도 사용됩니다. 화합물은 종종 루이스 산으로 인용됩니다. 그것은 Friedel-Crafts 반응 (아 실화 및 알킬화 모두)의 촉매제로서 화학 산업에서의 응용 분야를 발견합니다.

용도

염화 알루미늄은 많은 산업 분야에 사용됩니다. 그것은 많은 석유 화학 제품, 페인트 및 합성 고무를 만드는데 사용됩니다. 그것은 또한 물을 치료하는 데 사용됩니다.
염화 알루미늄의 가장 주목할만한 용도 중 하나는 방취제에 사용하는 것입니다. 염화 알루미늄은 일시적으로 땀샘을 막아 모공을 막는 젤을 형성합니다. 이 땀샘이 막히면 땀샘이 방지됩니다.

화학적 성질

Aluminum chloride is a noncombustible but highly reactive whitish-gray, yellow, or green powder or liquid. Strong, acidic, irritating odor like hydrochloric acid.The vapor consists of double molecules Al2Cl6 . Soluble in water.

용도

A yellowish-white crystalline or granular powder made by passing chlorine gas over alumina in a heated state and collecting the product by sublimation. Aluminum chloride was occasionally used in gold and platinum toning baths.

정의

aluminium chloride: A whitishsolid, AlCl₃, which fumes in moist airand reacts violently with water (togive hydrogen chloride). It is knownas the anhydrous salt (hexagonal; r.d.2.44 (fused solid); m.p. 190°C (2.5atm.); sublimes at 178°C) or the hexahydrateAlCl₃.6H₂O (rhombic; r.d.2.398; loses water at 100°C), both ofwhich are deliquescent. Aluminiumchloride may be prepared by passinghydrogen chloride or chlorine overhot aluminium or (industrially) bypassing chlorine over heated aluminiumoxide and carbon. The chlorideion is polarized by the smallpositive aluminium ion and thebonding in the solid is intermediatebetween covalent and ionic. In theliquid and vapour phases dimer moleculesexist, Al₂Cl₆, in which thereare chlorine bridges making coordinatebonds to aluminium atoms (seeformula). The AlCl₃ molecule can alsoform compounds with other moleculesthat donate pairs of electrons(e.g. amines or hydrogen sulphide);i.e. it acts as a Lewis acid. At hightemperatures the Al₂Cl₆ molecules inthe vapour dissociate to (planar)AlCl₃ molecules. Aluminium chlorideis used commercially as a catalyst inthe cracking of oils. It is also a catalystin certain other organic reactions,especially the Friedel–Craftsreaction.

일반 설명

Aluminum chloride may be manufactured by chlorination of liquid aluminum in ceramic lined reaction vessels at 600-700^oC.

반응 프로필

ALUMINUM CHLORIDE behaves as an acidic salt. Self-reactive. After long storage in closed containers, explosions often occur upon opening [Chem. Abst. 41:6723d 1947]. Can cause ethylene(also other alkenes) to polymerize violently [J. Inst. Pet. 33:254 1947]. Causes ethylene oxide to rearrange and polymerize, liberating heat [J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 68:179 1949]. Can catalyze violent polymerization of allyl chloride [Ventrone 1971]. Addition to nitrobenzene containing about 5% phenol caused a violent explosion [Chem. Eng. News 31:4915 1953]. Mixtures with nitromethane may explode when organic matter is present [Chem. Eng. News 26:2257 1948].

위험도

Powerful irritant to tissue; moderately toxic by ingestion. Reacts violently with water, evolving hydrogen chloride gas.

건강위험

Contact with the skin or eyes in the presence of moisture causes thermal and acid burns.

화재위험

Behavior in Fire: Reacts violently with water used in extinguishing adjacent fires

인화성 및 폭발성

Aluminum chloride is not flammable but reacts violently with water, so fires involving this substance should be extinguished with carbon dioxide or dry chemicals. Toxic fumes (HCl and reaction products) can be released during fires.

공업 용도

Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is a volatile solid which sublimes at 458 K. The vapour formed on sublimation consists of an equilibrium mixture of monomers (AlCl3) and dimers (Al2Cl6). It is used to prepare the powerful and versatile reducing agent lithium tetrahydridoaluminate (LiAlH4). Aluminium trichloride (AlCl3) act as Lewis acids to a wide range of electron-pair donors, and this has led to their widespread use as catalysts. In the important Friedel-Crafts acylation, AlCl3 is used as a strong Lewis acid catalyst in order to achieve the acylation of an aromatic ring.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. The dust is an irritant by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Highly exothermic polymerization reactions with alkenes. Incompatible with nitrobenaenes or nitrobenzene + phenol. Highly exothermic reaction with water or steam produces toxic fumes of HCl. See also ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORIDES, and HYDROCHLORIC ACID.

잠재적 노출

It is used as ethylbenzene catalyst, dyestuff intermediate, and detergent alkylate; in making other chemicals and dyes, astringents, deodorants, in the petroleum refining, and the rubber industries

저장

work with this substance should be conducted in a fume hood, and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times when handling AlCl3. Aluminum chloride should be stored in sealed containers under an inert atmosphere in a cool, dry place. Care should be taken in opening containers of this compound because of the possibility of the buildup of HCl vapor from hydrolysis with traces of moisture.

운송 방법

UN1726 Aluminum chloride, anhydrous, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN2581 Aluminum chloride solution, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material

Purification Methods

Sublime it several times in an all-glass system under nitrogen at 30-50mm pressure. It has also been sublimed in a stream of dry HCl and has been subjected to a preliminary sublimation through a section of granular aluminium metal [for manipulative details see Jensen J Am Chem Soc 79 1226 1957]. It fumes in moist air.

비 호환성

A strong reducing agent. Contact with air or water forms hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride gas. Reaction with water may be violent. Water, alcohol, and alkenes can cause polymerization. Incompatible with nitrobenzene, organic material, and bases. Attacks metal in presence of moisture, forming flammable hydrogen gas.

폐기물 처리

May be sprayed with aqueous ammonia in the presence of ice and, when reaction is complete, flushed down drain with running water.

염화알루미늄 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

준비 용품

염화알루미늄 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd.	571-88938639 +8617705817739	info@dycnchem.com	CHINA	52867	58
Shanghai Bojing Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-86-02137122233 +8613795318958	bj1@bj-chem.com	China	298	55
Qingdao Trust Agri Chemical Co.,Ltd	+8613573296305	aroma@qdtrustagri.com	China	165	58
Hebei Duling International Trade Co. LTD	+8618032673083	sales05@hbduling.cn	China	15745	58
Auschemicals Pty Ltd	+61406202619	info@auschemicals.com	Australia	431	58
Zhejiang Fengqing Biotechnology Co. , Ltd.	+86-13157026678 +86-13157026678	MuMu@zjfq.top	China	50	58
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12456	58
Hebei Jingbo New Material Technology Co., Ltd	+8619931165850	hbjbtech@163.com	China	1000	58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21691	55
Shanghai Time Chemicals CO., Ltd.	+86-021-57951555 +8617317452075	jack.li@time-chemicals.com	China	1807	55

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