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니트로 셀룰로오스 MSDS

Cellulose nitrate

니트로 셀룰로오스 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

화학적 성질

Nitrocellulose is a pulpy, cotton-like solid, or a colorless liquid solution.

용도

Nitrocellulose is used as a propellant in artillery ammunition, in small-arms ammunition, in chemical explosives, and in smokeless powder. It is made by reacting cotton with nitric acid.

제조 방법

Cellulose nitrate is prepared according to the following reaction:
C6H10O5+HNO3-->[-C6H7O2(OH)(ONO2)2-]n
The nitrogen content for plastics is usually about 11%, for lacquers and cement base it is 12%, and for explosives it is 13%. The standard plasticizer added is camphor.
Key properties of cellulose nitrate are good dimensional stability, low water absorption, and toughness. Its disadvantages are its flammability and lack of stability to heat and sunlight.

정의

cellulose nitrate: A highly flammablematerial made by treating cellulose(wood pulp) with concentratednitric acid. Despite the alternativename nitrocellulose, the compound isin fact an ester (containing CONO₂groups), not a nitro compound(which would contain C–NO₂). It isused in explosives (as guncotton) andcelluloid.

일반 설명

Pale yellow syrupy liquid with an ether-like odor. Floats on water. Produces an irritating vapor. Immiscible with water. Boiling point is around 94°F.

공기와 물의 반응

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

반응 프로필

Nitrocellulose is a solution of pyroxylin in ether and alcohol with a flash point of approximately 0°F.

위험도

Flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk. Somewhat less flammable when wet.

건강위험

High concentration of ether fumes may cause narcosis, loss of consciousness and respiratory paralysis if inhaled. Contact with eyes causes irritation.

화재위험

Nitrocellulose is a white fibrous solid or amorphous powder. It is wetted with water, alcohol, or other solvent for handling and storage. It may be made to various forms, gel, flake, granular, or powder. Dry material is a low explosive and often used in combination with another explosive, such as nitroglycerine, to obtain more brisance for the composition. Dry nitrocellulose does not detonate but deflagrates. When wetted with water or alcohol, its sensitivity is considerably reduced.
Nitrocellulose presents three types of hazards. As mentioned earlier, it is an explosive compound. It explodes upon burning or friction. It is a flammable solid having a flash point of 13°C (55 °F). It can therefore ignite at ambient temperatures, thus presenting a severe fire and explosion hazard. It burns at a very rapid rate. The combustion products consist of extremely toxic gases: notably, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen.
Fires involving nitrocellulose should be fought with extreme caution. Unmanned fixed turrets and hose nozzles should be used. Since nitrocellulose produces oxygen on decomposition, a large volume of water should be applied through spray nozzles to cool the material and wet the entire surface. Self-contained breathing apparatus must be worn by firefighters for protection against highly toxic gases. .

농업용

Cellulose nitrate is a highly flammable material made by treating cellulose (wood pulp) with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid. Despite the alternative name, nitrocellulose, cellulose nitrate is an ester of cellulose containing -ONO₂ groups and is not a nitro compound. It is used in explosives and celluloid.

공업 용도

Cellulose nitrates are materials made by treatingcellulose with a mixture of nitric and sulfuricacids, washing free of acid, bleaching,stabilizing, and dehydrating. For sheets, rods, and tubes it is mixed with plasticizers and pigmentsand rolled or drawn to the shape desired.The lower nitrates are very inflammable, butthey do not explode like the high nitrates, andthey are the ones used for plastics, rayons, andlacquers, although their use for clothing fabricsis restricted by law. The names cellulose nitrateand pyroxylin are used for the compounds oflower nitration, and the term nitrocellulose isused for the explosives.The outstanding toughness properties ofcellulose nitrate lead to its continuing use insuch applications as optical frames, shoe eyelets,ping pong balls, and pen barrels.

Safety Profile

Very low oral toxicity. Flammable solid. Highly dangerous fire hazard in the dry state when exposed to heat, flame, or powerful oxidizers. When wet with 35% of denatured ethanol it is about as hazardous as ethanol alone or gasoline. Dry cellulose tetranitrate burns rapidly with intense heat and ignites easily. Moderately dangerous explosion hazard. To fight fire, use copious volumes of water; alcohol foam. CO2 is effective in extinguishing fires of nitrocellulose solvents. See also EXPLOSIVES, HIGH.

잠재적 노출

It is used in making explosives, rocket propellants and celluloid.

환경귀착

The physicochemical properties of nitrocellulose limit dispersion throughout the environment. In addition to those noted earlier, the melting point of the solid is relatively high (between 169 and 170℃), the flash point is 12.8 ℃, and nitrocellulose is nonvolatile. Nitrocellulose is insoluble in water, and thus is not detected in high concentrations in water, and tends to stay on sediments. Direct decomposition of nitrocellulose is unlikely, as the degradation process needs a severe chemical reaction like alkaline hydrolysis to break its beta 1 → 4- glucoside units bond linkages.
Because of its particulate character, specific gravity, and low solubility, nitrocellulose particles tend to accumulate in sediments in aqueous systems. The settled particles are very stable and resistant to degradation for long periods of time. They appear to remain unchanged in the environment. Their biodecomposition by microorganisms is also not likely. No studies are available on their long-range transport.

저장

Nitrocellulose should be stored as a wetted substance and never allowed to go dry. Storage should be in a cool, well-entilated location isolated from all heat sources. Shipping should be in steel drums or barrels wet with 25-35% alcohol, water, or other solvent.

운송 방법

UN2555, UN2556 and UN2557 requires a shipping label of “FLAMMABLE SOLID.” They fall in DOT Hazard Class 4.1. UN0342 and UN0343 requires a shipping label of “EXPLOSIVE.” They fall in DOT Hazard Class 1.3C.

비 호환성

Dust and powder form explosive mixture with air. Keep wet; do not allow to become dry. Dry material is a shock-sensitive explosive. Desensitize using water or alcohol. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

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