Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
4-Methoxybenzoic acid 4-Methoxybenzoic acid 100-09-4 C8H8O3
2-Bromoanisole 2-Bromoanisole 578-57-4 C7H7BrO
2-Bromobenzaldehyde 2-Bromobenzaldehyde 6630-33-7 C7H5BrO
Ethyl bromoacetate Ethyl bromoacetate 105-36-2 C4H7BrO2
2-Ethoxyethanol 2-Ethoxyethanol 110-80-5 C4H10O2
Chloromethyltrimethylsilane Chloromethyltrimethylsilane 2344-80-1 C4H11ClSi
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine hydrochloride 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine hydrochloride 7149-10-2 C8H12ClNO2
o-Phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde 643-79-8 C8H6O2
1,5-Pentanediol 1,5-Pentanediol 111-29-5 C5H12O2
4-(Chloromethyl)tolunitrile 4-(Chloromethyl)tolunitrile 874-86-2 C8H6ClN
2-BIPHENYLBORONIC ACID 2-BIPHENYLBORONIC ACID 4688-76-0 C12H11BO2
5-Bromovaleric acid 5-Bromovaleric acid 2067-33-6 C5H9BrO2
1-PHENYL-2-THIOUREA 1-PHENYL-2-THIOUREA 103-85-5 C7H8N2S
trans-1,4-Diaminocyclohexane trans-1,4-Diaminocyclohexane 2615-25-0 C6H14N2
2-Fluoro-3-pyridylboronic acid 2-Fluoro-3-pyridylboronic acid 174669-73-9 C5H5BFNO2
3-BROMOPHENETHYL ALCOHOL 3-BROMOPHENETHYL ALCOHOL 28229-69-8 C8H9BrO
2-Indanone 2-Indanone 615-13-4 C9H8O
Dimethyl fumarate Dimethyl fumarate 624-49-7 C6H8O4
4-Fluoroacetophenone 4-Fluoroacetophenone 403-42-9 C8H7FO
1-Naphthaldehyde 1-Naphthaldehyde 66-77-3 C11H8O
2,3-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 2,3-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 86-51-1 C9H10O3
mono-Methyl terephthalate mono-Methyl terephthalate 1679-64-7 C9H8O4
Diphenic acid Diphenic acid 482-05-3 C14H10O4
n-Butylboronic acid n-Butylboronic acid 4426-47-5 C4H11BO2
Diethyl azodicarboxylate Diethyl azodicarboxylate 1972-28-7 C6H10N2O4
2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL METHANESULFONATE 2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL METHANESULFONATE 25236-64-0 C3H5F3O3S
Ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate Ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate 1655-07-8 C9H14O3
3-ETHOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID 3-ETHOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID 90555-66-1 C8H11BO3
4-Iodoanisole 4-Iodoanisole 696-62-8 C7H7IO
2,6-Dichlorophenol 2,6-Dichlorophenol 87-65-0 C6H4Cl2O
2,3-Dimethoxybenzoic acid 2,3-Dimethoxybenzoic acid 1521-38-6 C9H10O4
PYRAZINE-2-CARBOXAMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE PYRAZINE-2-CARBOXAMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 138588-41-7 C5H7ClN4
1-Benzhydrylazetidine-3-carboxylic acid 1-Benzhydrylazetidine-3-carboxylic acid 36476-87-6 C17H17NO2
2-Chlorobenzoic acid 2-Chlorobenzoic acid 118-91-2 C7H5ClO2
4-Acetylbenzonitrile 4-Acetylbenzonitrile 1443-80-7 C9H7NO
1-Naphthoic acid 1-Naphthoic acid 86-55-5 C11H8O2
Hydroxytyrosol Hydroxytyrosol 10597-60-1 C8H10O3
Diethyl fluoromalonate Diethyl fluoromalonate 685-88-1 C7H11FO4
2-Chlorobenzonitrile 2-Chlorobenzonitrile 873-32-5 C7H4ClN
4-Bromoveratrole 4-Bromoveratrole 2859-78-1 C8H9BrO2
3-Bromo-4-methylbenzoic acid 3-Bromo-4-methylbenzoic acid 7697-26-9 C8H7BrO2
4-DIBENZOTHIOPHENEBORONIC ACID 4-DIBENZOTHIOPHENEBORONIC ACID 108847-20-7 C12H9BO2S
5-(4-METHYLPHENYL)-1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE-2-THIOL 5-(4-METHYLPHENYL)-1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE-2-THIOL 3004-42-0 C8H6N2OS
Methyl dimethoxyacetate Methyl dimethoxyacetate 89-91-8 C5H10O4
Guanidine hydrochloride Guanidine hydrochloride 50-01-1 CH5N3.ClH
3-Formylphenylboronic acid 3-Formylphenylboronic acid 87199-16-4 C7H7BO3
Carbon tetrafluoride Carbon tetrafluoride 75-73-0 CF4
Methyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate Methyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate 2417-72-3 C9H9BrO2
4-(N,N-Diphenylamino)benzaldehyde 4-(N,N-Diphenylamino)benzaldehyde 4181-05-9 C19H15NO
1-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 1-(2-FLUOROPHENYL)-2-THIOUREA 656-32-6 C7H7FN2S
2'-Chloroacetophenone 2'-Chloroacetophenone 2142-68-9 C8H7ClO
(TRIETHYLSILYL)ACETYLENE (TRIETHYLSILYL)ACETYLENE 1777-03-3 C8H16Si
Phloroglucinol dihydrate Phloroglucinol dihydrate 6099-90-7 C6H10O5
3,5-Dimethoxyphenylboronic acid 3,5-Dimethoxyphenylboronic acid 192182-54-0 C8H11BO4
DL-Ethyl 2-bromobutyrate DL-Ethyl 2-bromobutyrate 533-68-6 C6H11BrO2
4-(Trifluoromethylthio)phenol 4-(Trifluoromethylthio)phenol 461-84-7 C7H5F3OS
2-Ethylhexyl bromide 2-Ethylhexyl bromide 18908-66-2 C8H17Br
Squaric acid Squaric acid 2892-51-5 C4H2O4
Sodium 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate Sodium 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate 825-90-1 C6H7NaO4S
1-(5-Fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-ethanone 1-(5-Fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-ethanone 394-32-1 C8H7FO2
3-Cyanophenol 3-Cyanophenol 873-62-1 C7H5NO
3,3-Dimethylacrylic acid 3,3-Dimethylacrylic acid 541-47-9 C5H8O2
2-Thiopheneboronic acid 2-Thiopheneboronic acid 6165-68-0 C4H5BO2S
2-Fluoro-4-nitroanisole 2-Fluoro-4-nitroanisole 455-93-6 C7H6FNO3
ETHYL 1-METHYL-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-1H-PYRAZOLE-4-CARBOXYLATE ETHYL 1-METHYL-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-1H-PYRAZOLE-4-CARBOXYLATE 111493-74-4 C8H9F3N2O2
2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 672-13-9 C8H8O3
o-Carborane o-Carborane 16872-09-6 C2B10
4-Iodophenetole 4-Iodophenetole 699-08-1 C8H9IO
Phthalic acid Phthalic acid 88-99-3 C8H6O4
3,4-Dichlorophenylacetonitrile 3,4-Dichlorophenylacetonitrile 3218-49-3 C8H5Cl2N
4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid 4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid 176976-42-4 C7H5BClF3O2
2-Bromoacetophenone 2-Bromoacetophenone 70-11-1 C8H7BrO
Butyryl chloride Butyryl chloride 141-75-3 C4H7ClO
N-Ethylcarbazole N-Ethylcarbazole 86-28-2 C14H13N
Methyl 3-oxovalerate Methyl 3-oxovalerate 30414-53-0 C6H10O3
Benzoylacetonitrile Benzoylacetonitrile 614-16-4 C9H7NO
3-BROMO-5-IODOBENZOIC ACID 3-BROMO-5-IODOBENZOIC ACID 188815-32-9 C7H4BrIO2
2-BROMO-5-METHYLBENZOIC ACID 2-BROMO-5-METHYLBENZOIC ACID 6967-82-4 C8H7BrO2
2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde 93-02-7 C9H10O3
Ethyl trifluoroacetate Ethyl trifluoroacetate 383-63-1 C4H5F3O2
Trimesic acid Trimesic acid 554-95-0 C9H6O6
2-Formylbenzeneboronic acid 2-Formylbenzeneboronic acid 40138-16-7 C7H7BO3
3-Fluoro-4-methoxybenzeneboronic acid 3-Fluoro-4-methoxybenzeneboronic acid 149507-26-6 C7H8BFO3
3-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 3-Fluorobenzoyl chloride 1711-07-5 C7H4ClFO
Maleimide Maleimide 541-59-3 C4H3NO2
9-phenanthrenylboronic acid 9-phenanthrenylboronic acid 68572-87-2 C14H11BO2
4-Trifluoromethylphenol 4-Trifluoromethylphenol 402-45-9 C7H5F3O
Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide 2052-49-5 C16H37NO
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether 111-44-4 C4H8Cl2O
3-Aminocarbonylphenylboronic acid 3-Aminocarbonylphenylboronic acid 351422-73-6 C7H8BNO3
3,5-Dibromobenzoic acid 3,5-Dibromobenzoic acid 618-58-6 C7H4Br2O2
4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid 330-12-1 C8H5F3O3
4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde 4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde 455-19-6 C8H5F3O
4-Carbamoylphenylboronic acid 4-Carbamoylphenylboronic acid 123088-59-5 C7H8BNO3
Diethyl methylmalonate Diethyl methylmalonate 609-08-5 C8H14O4
2-Aminoacetophenone hydrochloride 2-Aminoacetophenone hydrochloride 5468-37-1 C8H10ClNO
3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenylacetic acid 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenylacetic acid 951-82-6 C11H14O5
ETHYLTHIOUREA ETHYLTHIOUREA 625-53-6 C3H8N2S
N-Phenyldiethanolamine N-Phenyldiethanolamine 120-07-0 C10H15NO2
2-Bromobenzonitrile 2-Bromobenzonitrile 2042-37-7 C7H4BrN
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