Phenothiazine

Phenothiazine price More Price(19)

Manufacturer	Product number	Product description	CAS number	Packaging	Price	Updated	Buy
Sigma-Aldrich	8.20975	Phenothiazine for synthesis		100 g	$23.31	2021-03-22	Buy
Sigma-Aldrich	8.20975	Phenothiazine for synthesis		1 kg	$70.39	2021-03-22	Buy
Sigma-Aldrich	88580	Phenothiazine purum, ≥98.0% (GC)	92-84-2	1kg	$89.8	2021-03-22	Buy
Sigma-Aldrich	1525707	Phenothiazine United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard	92-84-2	500mg	$366	2021-03-22	Buy
Sigma-Aldrich	8.20975	Phenothiazine for synthesis		50 kg	$1359.75	2021-03-22	Buy

Phenothiazine Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

description

Phenothiazine is a class of agents exhibiting antiemetic, antipsychotic, antihistaminic, and anticholinergic activities. Phenothiazines antagonize the dopamine D2-receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain, potentially preventing chemotherapy-induced emesis. In addition, these agents have peripherally or centrally antagonistic activity against alpha adrenergic, serotonergic, histaminic, and muscarinic receptors.
Phenothiazines are used to treat serious mental and emotional disorders, including schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Some are used also to control agitation in certain patients, severe nausea and vomiting, severe hiccups, and moderate to severe pain in some hospitalized patients. Chlorpromazine is used also in the treatment of certain types of porphyria, and with other medicines in the treatment of tetanus. Phenothiazines may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Chemical Properties

It is clean gray-green powder with the melting point of 185.5 ℃, boiling point of 371 ℃, 290 ℃ (5.33kPa). It is insoluble in petroleum ether, chloroform and water, and soluble in ether and hot acetic acid. It will be oxidized upon exposure to light in the air.

side effects

For more than a decade, phenothiazine drugs have been used to treat a variety of disorders and have proved particularly effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. Clinical experience indicates that initial extremely high dosages are necessary to effect improvement of patients with schizophrenic illnesses.
During 1964, several sequelae have been reported following prolonged high dosage of these drugs. These recent reports refer to side effects which are apparently permanent, in contrast to earlier communications of transient deleterious effects. For example, it has been known for several years that extrapyramidal disorders occur frequently in patients taking phenothiazines; however, a reduction in dosage or cessation of medication appeared to produce a return to the normal state.
Phenothiazines may cause unwanted, unattractive, and uncontrolled face or body movements that may not go away when you stop taking the medicine. They may also cause other serious unwanted effects. You and your doctor should talk about the good this medicine will do as well as the risks of using it. Also, your doctor should look for early signs of these effects at regular visits. Your doctor may be able to stop or decrease some unwanted effects, if they do occur, by changing your dose or by making other changes in your treatment.
These medicines are available only with your doctor's prescription.
Levoprome(R) (methotrimeprazine) is no longer available in the United States. At the end of May 1998, Immunex Corporation stopped marketing it.
Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it also is useful for other medical problems. Although these uses are not included in product labeling, phenothiazines are used in certain patients with the following medical conditions:

• Chronic neurogenic pain (certain continuing pain conditions)
• Huntington's chorea (hereditary movement disorder)
• Migraine headaches

Uses

• Phenothiazine is a relatively widely used anthelmintic reagent with excellent efficacy in treating the Haemonchus contortus of cattle, horse and sheep, nodular worm, Bunostomum and Plasmodium chabaudi.
• Phenothiazine is the intermediates of fine chemicals such as dyes and drugs with itself being a auxiliary material for synthetic material (the anti-polymerization reagent for production of vinylon), fruit pesticides and veterinary anthelmintic.
• It is mainly used as the polymerization inhibitor for acrylic acid, acrylic esters, and methacrylic aicd as well as ester monomer.

Synthesis

22 g of diphenylamine, 8.2 g of sulfur, and 3.2 gms. of anhydrous aluminum chloride are melted together. The reaction sets 140-150° C with the rapid evolution of hydrogen sulfide; by lowerg the temperature, a few degrees the reaction can be slackened. Wen the reaction has moderated, the temperature is raised to 160° C for a time. The melt, when cool, is ground up and extracted, first with water and then with dilute alcohol. The residue consists of almost pure phenothiazine. It can be recrystallised from alcohol. Yield 93%, yellowish leaflets; m.p. 180° C.

Systematic organic chemistry, by W. M. Cumming, 325-326, 1937.

Chemical Properties

Phenothiazine is a greenish-yellow to greenish-gray crystalline substance. Slight odor and taste.

Chemical Properties

yellow or pale green powder

Uses

A key component of antipsychotic and antihistaminic drugs.

Uses

Employed in the preparation of carbazoles and piperazines,1 and charge-transfer semiconducting complexes.2

Uses

A rigid, tricyclic thiazine useful as an electron donor.

Uses

Insecticide; manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

Definition

ChEBI: The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.

brand name

Nemazine (Parke-Davis).

Synthesis Reference(s)

Synthesis, p. 506, 1974 DOI: 10.1055/s-1974-23359

General Description

Light green to steel-blue powder. Acquires a greenish-brown tint under exposure to sunlight.

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Phenothiazine is slowly decomposed by sunlight. . Organosulfides are incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reactions with these materials generate heat and in many cases hydrogen gas. Many of these compounds may liberate hydrogen sulfide upon decomposition or reaction with an acid.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for Phenothiazine are not available, but Phenothiazine is probably combustible.

Safety Profile

Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic to humans by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. An insecticide. Large doses, i.e., heavy exposure, may cause hemolytic anemia and toxic degeneration of the liver. Can cause skin irritation and photosensitization. Dangerous; when heated to decomposition or on contact with acid or acid fumes it emits hghly toxic fumes of SOx and NOx.

Potential Exposure

Phenothiazine is used as an insecticide; as a base for the manufacture of tranquilizers; as anthelmintic in medicine and veterinary medicine; it is used widely as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacture; polymerization inhibitor, antioxidant.

Shipping

UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required

Purification Methods

Crystallise it from *benzene, toluene, hexane or Me2CO (charcoal) after boiling for 10minutes under reflux. Filter the crystals off and dry them in an oven at 100o, then in a vacuum desiccator over paraffin chips. Also recrystallise it twice from water and dry it in an oven at 100o for 8-10hours. It sublimes at 130o/1mm and has UV with at 253nm in heptane. [Beilstein

Incompatibilities

Organosulfides are incompatible with strong acids and acid fumes; elevated temperatures; sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides can be produced. Contact with strong reducing agents such as hydrides; azo and diazo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates can generate heat and may form explosive hydrogen gas

Waste Disposal

Dissolve in combustible solvent and spray into incinerator equipped with afterburner and scrubber. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.

Phenothiazine Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

Phenothiazine Suppliers

Supplier	Tel	Fax	Email	Country	ProdList	Advantage
Henan Xiangtong Chemical Co., Ltd.	86-371-61312303	86-371-86017988	cathy@hnxtchem.com	CHINA	293	58
Yangzhou Model Electronic Materials Co., Ltd.	+8613761402923		2650326486@qq.com	CHINA	440	58
Henan DaKen Chemical CO.,LTD.	+86-371-55531817		info@dakenchem.com	CHINA	21493	58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	0371-55170693	0371-55170693	info@tianfuchem.com	CHINA	22608	55
Hangzhou FandaChem Co.,Ltd.	008615858145714	+86-571-56059825	fandachem@gmail.com	CHINA	8875	55
PI & PI BIOTECH INC.	18371201331	020-81716319	Sales@pipitech.com	CHINA	3066	55
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	86-0551-65418684 18949823763	86-0551-65418684	info@tnjchem.com	China	2813	55
Shanghai Zheyan Biotech Co., Ltd.	18017610038		zheyansh@163.com	CHINA	3623	58
career henan chemical co	+86-371-86658258		sales@coreychem.com	CHINA	29988	58
SHANDONG ZHI SHANG CHEMICAL CO.LTD	+86 18953170293	+86 0531-67809011	sales@sdzschem.com	CHINA	2928	58

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