ChemicalBook--->CAS DataBase List--->67-64-1

67-64-1

67-64-1 Structure

67-64-1 Structure
IdentificationMore
[Name]

Acetone
[CAS]

67-64-1
[Synonyms]

ACETONE ALCOHOL
GRAMS DECOLORIZER
GRAM STAIN NO 3
(CH3)2CO
2-Propanon
aceton
aceton(german,dutch,polish)
Acetone oil
ai3-01238
beta-Ketopropane
caswellno.004
Chevron acetone
chevronacetone
Dimethylformaldehyde
Dimethylketal
epapesticidechemicalcode004101
Ketone propane
Ketone, dimethyl-
ketone,dimethyl
ketonepropane
[EINECS(EC#)]

200-662-2
[Molecular Formula]

C3H6O
[MDL Number]

MFCD00211536
[Molecular Weight]

58.08
[MOL File]

67-64-1.mol
Chemical PropertiesBack Directory
[Appearance]

Acetone is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with a sweet, mint-like odor
[Melting point ]

-94 °C(lit.)
[Boiling point ]

56 °C760 mm Hg(lit.)
[density ]

0.791 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
[vapor density ]

2 (vs air)
[vapor pressure ]

184 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
[FEMA ]

3326
[refractive index ]

n20/D 1.359(lit.)
[Fp ]

1 °F
[storage temp. ]

Store at RT.
[solubility ]

Miscible with water and with ethanol (96 per cent).
[form ]

Liquid
[pka]

19.3(at 25℃)
[color ]

Colorless, invisible vapor
[Specific Gravity]

0.79 (25/25℃)
[Odor]

Characteristic pungent odor detectable at 33 to 700 ppm (mean = 130 ppm)
[PH]

5-6 (395g/l, H2O, 20°C)
[Relative polarity]

0.355
[explosive limit]

2.6-12.8%(V)
[Odor Threshold]

42ppm
[Odor Type]

solvent
[Water Solubility ]

soluble
[JECFA Number]

139
[Merck ]

14,66
[BRN ]

63580
[Henry's Law Constant]

2.27 at 14.9 °C, 3.03 at 25 °C, 7.69 at 35.1 °C, 11.76 at 44.9 °C (Betterton, 1991)
[Dielectric constant]

1.0(0℃)
[Exposure limits]

TLV-TWA 1780 mg/m3 (750 ppm), STEL 2375 mg/m3 (ACGIH); 10 h–TWA 590 mg/m3 (250 ppm); IDLH 20,000 ppm (NIOSH).
[LogP]

-0.160
[Uses]

acetone is a solvent considered to be non-comedogenic and occasionally used in skin toners. It is primarily used in nail polish remover. It could be drying and very irritating to the skin depending on the concentration and frequency of use.
[CAS DataBase Reference]

67-64-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
[NIST Chemistry Reference]

Acetone(67-64-1)
[EPA Substance Registry System]

67-64-1(EPA Substance)
Safety DataBack Directory
[Hazard Codes ]

F,Xi,T
[Risk Statements ]

R11:Highly Flammable.
R36:Irritating to the eyes.
R66:Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.
R67:Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness.
R39/23/24/25:Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
[Safety Statements ]

S9:Keep container in a well-ventilated place .
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves .
[RIDADR ]

UN 1090 3/PG 2
[WGK Germany ]

3
[RTECS ]

AL3150000
[F ]

3-10
[Autoignition Temperature]

465 °C
[TSCA ]

Yes
[HazardClass ]

3
[PackingGroup ]

II
[HS Code ]

29141100
[Safety Profile]

Moderately toxic by various routes. A skin and severe eye irritant. Human systemic effects by inhalation: changes in EEG, changes in carbohydrate metabolism, nasal effects, conjunctiva irritation, respiratory system effects, nausea and vomiting, and muscle weakness. Human systemic effects by ingestion: coma, kidney damage, and metabolic changes. Narcotic in high concentration. In industry, no injurious effects have been reported other than skin irritation resulting from its defatting action, or headache from prolonged inhalation. Experimental reproductive effects. A common air contaminant. Highly flammable liquid. Dangerous disaster hazard due to fire and explosion hazard; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Potentially explosive reaction with nitric acid + sulfuric acid, bromine trifluoride, nitrosyl chloride + platinum, nitrosyl perchlorate, chromyl chloride, thiotrithiazyl perchlorate, and (2,4,6-trichloro-l,3,5triazine + water). Reacts to form explosive peroxide products with 2-methyl-1,3butadiene, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxomonosulfuric acid. Ignites on contact with activated carbon, chromium trioxide, dioxygen difluoride + carbon dioxide, and potassium-tert-butoxide. Reacts violently with bromoform, chloroform + alkalies, bromine, and sulfur dichloride. Incompatible with CrO, (nitric + acetic acid), NOCl, nitryl perchlorate, permonosulfuric acid, NaOBr, (sulfuric acid + potassium dichromate), (tho-diglycol + hydrogen peroxide), trichloromelamine, air, HNO3, chloroform, and H2SO4. To fight fire, use Con, dry chemical, alcohol foam. Used in production of drugs of abuse
[Hazardous Substances Data]

67-64-1(Hazardous Substances Data)
[Toxicity]

LD50 in rats: 10.7 ml/kg orally (Smyth)
[IDLA]

2,500 ppm
Raw materials And Preparation ProductsBack Directory
[Raw materials]

Benzene-->tert-Butanol-->PROPYLENE-->Calcium acetate-->2-Amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid-->PETROLEUM ETHER-->p-Cymene-->Cumene-->DIISOPROPYLBENZENE-->Zinc chromate-->Cumyl hydroperoxide-->PYROLIGNEOUS ACID-->Lng
[Preparation Products]

Pyridazin-3-amine-->2-BROMODODECANOIC ACID-->3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-1,5-BENZODIOXEPINE-7-CARBALDEHYDE-->2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-sulfonamide-->Dimethyl acetylmethylphosphonate-->3-(-Hydroxyphenethyl)-2-imino thiazolidine-->3-Methyl butynol-->Iodoform-->PROPIONAMIDINE-->2-(4-BENZYLOXYPHENYL)ETHANOL-->7-Methoxycoumarin-->7-ALLYLOXYCOUMARIN-->9,9-dimethylcarbazine-->5-METHOXY-2-METHYLINDOLE-->2-Iodoacetamide-->7-Ethoxycoumarin-->Ethoxyquin-->4-CARBOXYPHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE-->2-(MORPHOLINE-4-CARBONYL)-BENZOIC ACID-->CHEMBRDG-BB 6088138-->L(-)-Epinephrine-->CINCHOPHEN-->3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPIOPHENONE HYDROCHLORIDE-->methyl 3,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinazoline-7-carboxylate-->3-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid-->1,1,3,3-TETRABROMOACETONE-->PYRIDINE-2-SULFONIC ACID-->Orciprenaline-->2-(4-(CHLOROMETHYL)THIAZOL-2-YL)GUANIDINE-->4-(2-THIENYL)BUT-3-EN-2-ONE-->Amikacin sulfate salt-->H-GLU-LYS-OH-->Isophorone-->Amikacin Disulfate-->Divinyltetramethyldisiloxane-->4-Hydroxybenzylideneacetone-->1-Phenylethanone phenylhydrazone-->Chalcone-->Pentaerythritol tetranitrate-->3,3',4,4'-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride
Hazard InformationBack Directory
[General Description]

A clear colorless liquid with a sweetish odor. Flash point 0°F. Less dense than water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used as a solvent in paint and nail polish removers.
[Reactivity Profile]

ACETONE was reported that a mixture of ACETONE(67-64-1) and chloroform, in a residue bottle, exploded. Since addition of ACETONE(67-64-1) to chloroform in the presence of base will result in a highly exothermic reaction, ACETONE(67-64-1) is thought that a base was in the bottle [MCA Case History 1661. 1970]. Also, Nitrosyl chloride, sealed in a tube with a residue of ACETONE(67-64-1) in the presence of platinum catalyst, gave an explosive reaction [Chem. Eng. News 35(43):60. 1967]. The reaction of nitrosyl perchlorate and ACETONE(67-64-1) ignites and explodes. Explosions occur with mixtures of nitrosyl perchlorate and primary amine [Ann. Chem. 42:2031. 1909]. Reacts violently with nitric acid. Also causes exothermic reaction when in contact with aldehydes.
[Air & Water Reactions]

Highly flammable. Water soluble.
[Health Hazard]

INHALATION: vapor irritating to eyes and mucous membranes; acts as an anesthetic in very high concentrations. INGESTION: low order of toxicity but very irritating to mucous membranes. SKIN: prolonged excessive contact causes defatting of the skin, possibly leading to dermatitis.
[Potential Exposure]

It is used as a solvent in nail polish remover and many other chemicals. Used in the production of lubricating oils and as an intermediate in the manufacture of chloroform and of various pharmaceuticals and pesticides.
[Fire Hazard]

HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
[First aid]

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once, and irrigate immediately with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. If this chemical contacts the skin, quickly remove contaminated clothing, and wash with large amounts of soap immediately. If a person breathes in large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once, and perform (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.
[Shipping]

UN1090 Acetone, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid
[Incompatibilities]

May explode when mixed with chloroform, chromic anhydride. Incompatible with acids, bases, and oxidizing materials, such as peroxides, chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates, and permanganates. Unstable peroxides formed with strong oxidizers. May accumulate static electrical charges and may cause ignition of its vapors. Dissolves most rubber, resins, and plastics.
[Description]

Acetone is a flammable, colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. It is used widely as an organic solvent and in the chemical industry. It is the simplest ketone, which also goes by the name dimethyl ketone (DMK). Acetone was originally referred to as pyroacetic spirit because it was obtained from the destructive distillation of acetates and acetic acid.
[Chemical Properties]

Acetone, CH3COCH3, also known as 2-propanone and dimethylketone, is a colorless, volatile,flammable liquid that boils at 56°C (133 OF). It is misciblewith water and is oftenused as a solventin the manufacture of lacquers and paints.
[Waste Disposal]

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration.
[Physical properties]

Clear, colorless, liquid with a sweet, fragrant odor. Sweetish taste. Odor threshold concentrations ranged from 42 ppmv (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990) to 100 ppmv (Leonardos et al., 1969). Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 48 mg/m3 (20 ppmv) and 78 mg/m3 (33 ppmv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).
[Occurrence]

Reported found in apple, pear, grape, pineapple, strawberry, raspberry, tomato, black currant, citrus, onion and potato; also reported found in cocoa leaves, in Mexican goosefoot and in the oils of coriander and lavender. In trace amounts it has been reportedly identified in the oil of bitter orange, in distilled wine and in coffee aroma
[History]

The traditional method of producing acetone in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century was to distill acetates, particularly calcium acetate, Ca(C2H3O2)2.
Weizmann discovered a process to produce butyl alcohol and acetone from the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum in 1914. With England’s urgent demand for acetone, Winston Churchill (1874–1965) enlisted Weizmann to develop the Weizmann process for acetone production on an industrial scale. Fermentation and distillation techniques for acetone production were replaced starting in the 1950s with the cumene oxidation process . In this process, cumene is oxidized to cumene hydroperoxide, which is then decomposed using acid to acetone and phenol. This is the primary method used to produce phenol, and acetone is produced as a co-product in the process, with a yield of about 0.6:1 of acetone to phenol.
[Definition]

ChEBI: A methyl ketone that consists of propane bearing an oxo group at C2.
[Production Methods]

Acetone can also be produced from isopropanol using several methods, but the main methodis by catalytic dehydrogenation.
[Production Methods]

Acetone is obtained by fermentation as a by-product of n-butyl alcohol manufacture, or by chemical synthesis from isopropyl alcohol; from cumene as a by-product in phenol manufacture; or from propane as a by-product of oxidation-cracking.
[Reactions]

Acetone reacts with many chemicals in a marked manner: (1) with phosphorus pentachloride, yields acetone chloride (CH3)2CCl2, (2) with hydrogen chloride dry, yields both mesityl oxide CH3COCH:C(CH3)2, liquid, bp 132 °C, and phorone (CH3)2C:CHCOCH : C(CH3)2, yellow solid, mp 28 °C, (3) with concentrated H2SO4, yields mesitylene C6H3(CH3)3 (1,3,5), (4) with NH3, yields acetone amines, e.g., diacetoneamine C6H12ONH, (5) with HCN, yields acetone cyanohydrin (CH3)2CHOH·CN, readily converted into alpha-hydroxy acid (CH3)2CHOH·COOH, (6) with sodium hydrogen sulfite, forms acetonesodiumbisulfite (CH3)2 COH·SO3Na white solid, from which acetone is readily recoverable by treatment with sodium carbonate solution, with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, forms acetoxime (CH3)2C:NOH, solid, mp 60 °C, with phenylhydrazine, yields acetonephenyl-hydrazone (CH3)2C:NNHC6H5·H2O, solid,mp 16 °C, anhydrous compound,mp42 °C, (9)with semicarbazide, forms acetonesemicarbazone (CH3)C:NNHCONH2, solid, mp 189 °C, with magnesium methyl iodide in anhydrous ether (“Grignard’s solution”), yields, after reaction with H2O, trimethylcarbinol (CH3)3COH, a tertiary alcohol, with ethyl thioalcohol and hydrogen chloride dry, yields mercaptol (CH3)2C(SC2H5)2, with hypochlorite, hypobromite, or hypoiodite solution, yields chloroform CHCl3, bromoform CHBr3 or iodoformCHI3, respectively, (13)with mostreducing agents, forms isopropyl alcohol (CH3)2CHOH, a secondary alcohol, but with sodium amalgam forms pinacone (CH3)2COH·COH(CH3)2 with sodium dichromate and H2SO4, forms acetic acid CH3COOH plus CO2. When acetone vapor is passed through a tube at a dull red heat, ketene CH2:CO and methane CH4 are formed.
[Aroma threshold values]

Detection: 40 to 476 ppm
[Flammability and Explosibility]

Acetone is extremely flammable (NFPA rating = 3), and its vapor can travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and "flash back." Acetone vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 2 to 13% (by volume). Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for acetone fires.
[Pharmaceutical Applications]

Acetone is used as a solvent or cosolvent in topical preparations, and as an aid in wet granulation.It has also been used when formulating tablets with water-sensitive active ingredients, or to solvate poorly water-soluble binders in a wet granulation process. Acetone has also been used in the formulation of microspheres to enhance drug release.Owing to its low boiling point, acetone has been used to extract thermolabile substances from crude drugs.
[Industrial uses]

Acetone is valuable solvent component in acrylic/nitrocellulose automotive lacquers. Acetone is the solvent of choice in film coatings operations which use vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer formulations.Other ketones that may be used in these film coating operations include methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl n-amyl ketone, and diisobutyl ketone.Acetone, blends of MIBK and MEK, methyl namyl ketone, ethyl n-amyl ketone, and diisobutyl ketone are all useful solvents for vinyl resin copolymers. The presence of one of the slower evaporating ketones in the solvent blend prevents quick drying, improves flow, and gives blush resistance to the coating. Acetone is also used as a resin thinner in polyester resins and as a clean up solvent for the resin reactor kettle.In solvents industry, Acetone is a component of solvent blends in urethane, nitrile rubber, and neoprene industrial adhesives.Acetone is the primary solvent in resin-type adhesives and pressure sensitive chlorinated rubber adhesives. Acetone also can be used to extract fats, oils, waxes, and resins from natural products, to dewax lubricating oils, and to extract certain essential oils.Acetone is also an important chemical intermediate in the preparation of several oxygenated solvents including the ketones, diacetone alcohol, mesityl oxide, methyl isobutyl ketone, and isophorone.
[Safety]

Acetone is considered moderately toxic, and is a skin irritant and severe eye irritant. Skin irritation has been reported due to its defatting action, and prolonged inhalation may result in headaches. Inhalation of acetone can produce systemic effects such as conjunctival irritation, respiratory system effects, nausea, and vomiting.
LD50 (mouse, oral): 3.0 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IP): 1.297 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, oral): 5.340 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, skin): 0.2 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IV): 5.5 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 5.8 g/kg
[Synthesis]

By fermentation, or by chemical synthesis from isopropanol, cumene or propane
[Carcinogenicity]

Acetone may be weakly genotoxic, but the majority of assays were negative.7 It was not tumorigenic in skin painting studies in mice.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime- weighted average (TLV-TWA) for acetone is 750ppm (1780mg/m3) with a short-term excursion level of 1000ppm (2380mg/m3).
[Source]

Naturally occurs in blood and urine in small concentrations. Reported in cigarette smoke (1,100 ppm) and gasoline exhaust (2.3 to 14.0 ppm) (quoted, Verschueren, 1983).
Acetone occurs naturally in many plant species including cuneate Turkish savory (Satureja cuneifolia), catmint (Nepeta racemosa), Guveyoto (Origanum sipyleum), and Topukcayi shoots (Micromeria myrtifolia) at concentrations of 20, 2, 2, and 0.1, respectively (Baser et al., 1992, 1993; Ozek et al., 1992; Tumen, 1991). Acetone was also detected in Turkish calamint (Calamintha nepeta ssp. glandulosa) (Kirimer et al., 1992), pineapples, cauliflower leaves, tea leaves, West Indian lemongrass, jimsonweed, soybeans, carrots, bay leaves, hop flowers, apples, tomatoes, water mint leaves, alfalfa, pears, rice plants, white mulberries, clover-pepper, and roses (Duke, 1992). Acetone also was emitted from many forest plant species (Isidorov et al., 1985).
Acetone was detected in diesel fuel at a concentration of 22,000 μg/g (Schauer et al., 1999). Identified as an oxidative degradation product in the headspace of a used engine oil (10–30W) after 4,080 miles (Levermore et al., 2001). Acetone also was detected in automobile exhaust at concentrations ranging from 0.09 to 4.50 mg/m3 (Grimaldi et al., 1996) and in cigarette smoke at concentrations ranging from 498 to 869 mg/m3 (Euler et al., 1996).
Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from California Phase II reformulated gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 1.19 and 42 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).
Vereecken and Peeters (2000) reported that acetone is formed from the reaction of α-pinene and OH radicals in the atmosphere. This reaction resulted in an acetone yield of 8.5% which is consistent with available experimental data.
Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission rates of acetone were 749 mg/kg of pine burned, 462 mg/kg of oak burned, and 79 mg/kg of eucalyptus burned.
[Environmental Fate]

Biological. Following a lag time of 20 to 25 h, acetone degraded in activated sludge (30 mg/L) at a rate constant ranging from 0.016 to 0.020/h (Urano and Kato, 1986). Soil bacteria can mineralize acetone to carbon dioxide (Taylor et al., 1980). Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 1.85 and 1.92 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d. Similarly, Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 0.85 g/g which is 38.5% of the ThOD value of 2.52 g/g. Waggy et al. (1994) reported 5, 15, and 28-d BOD values of 14, 74, and 74%, respectively. Using the BOD technique to measure biodegradation, the mean 5-d BOD value (mM BOD/mM acetone) and ThOD were 1.52 and 38.0%, respectively (Vaishnav et al., 1987).
Photolytic. Photolysis of acetone in air yields carbon monoxide and free radicals, but in isopropanol, pinacol is formed (Calvert and Pitts, 1966). Photolysis of acetone vapor with nitrogen dioxide via a mercury lamp gave peroxyacetyl nitrate as the major product with smaller quantities of methyl nitrate (Warneck and Zerbach, 1992).
Chemical/Physical. Hypochlorite ions, formed by the chlorination of water for disinfection purposes, may react with acetone to form chloroform. This reaction is expected to be significant within the pH range of 6 to 7 (Stevens et al., 1976).
[storage]

Acetone should be used only in areas free of ignition sources, and quantities greater than 1 liter should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers.
[Purification Methods]

The commercial preparation of acetone by catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol gives relatively pure material. Analytical reagent quality generally contains less than 1% of organic impurities but may have up to about 1% of H2O. Dry acetone is appreciably hygroscopic. The main organic impurity in acetone is mesityl oxide, formed by aldol condensation. It can be dried with anhydrous CaSO4, K2CO3 or type 4A Linde molecular sieves, and then distilled. Silica gel and alumina, or mildly acidic or basic desiccants cause acetone to undergo the aldol condensation, so that its water content is increased by passage through these reagents. This also occurs to some extent when P2O5 or sodium amalgam is used. Anhydrous MgSO4 is an inefficient drying agent, and CaCl2 forms an addition compound. Drierite (anhydrous CaSO4) offers minimum acid and base catalysis for aldol formation and is the recommended drying agent for this solvent [Coetzee & Siao Inorg Chem 14 2 1987, Riddick & Bunger Organic Solvents Wiley-Interscience, N.Y., 3rd edn, 1970]. Acetone can be shaken with Drierite (25g/L) for several hours before it is decanted and distilled from fresh Drierite (10g/L) through an efficient column, maintaining atmospheric contact through a Drierite drying tube. The equilibrium water content is about 10-2M. Anhydrous Mg(ClO4)2 should not be used as drying agent because of the risk of EXPLOSION with acetone vapour. Organic impurities have been removed from acetone by adding 4g of AgNO3 in 30mL of water to 1L of acetone, followed by 10mL of M NaOH, shaking for 10minutes, filtering, drying with anhydrous CaSO4 and distilling [Werner Analyst (London) 58 335 1933]. Alternatively, successive small portions of KMnO4 have been added to acetone at reflux, until the violet colour persists, followed by drying and distilling. Refluxing with chromium trioxide (CrO3) has also been used. Methanol has been removed from acetone by azeotropic distillation (at 35o) with methyl bromide, and treatment with acetyl chloride. Small amounts of acetone can be purified as the NaI addition compound, by dissolving 100g of finely powdered NaI in 400g of boiling acetone, then cooling in ice and salt to -8o. Crystals of NaI.3Me2CO are filtered off and, on warming in a flask, acetone distils off readily. [This method is more convenient than the one using the bisulfite addition compound.] It has also been purified by gas chromatography on a 20% free fatty acid phthalate (on Chromosorb P) column at 100o. For efficiency of desiccants in drying acetone see Burfield and Smithers [J Org Chem 43 3966 1978]. The water content of acetone can be determined by a modified Karl Fischer titration [Koupparis & Malmstadt Anal Chem 54 1914 1982]. [Beilstein 1 IV 3180.] Rapid procedure: Dry over anhydrous CaSO4 and distil.
[Toxicity evaluation]

Acetone evaporates rapidly, even from water and soil. Once entered the atmosphere, it is degraded by photolysis, a reaction in which free radicals are involved or removed by wet deposits. It is a significant groundwater contaminant because of its miscibility in water.
[Regulatory Status]

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (inhalation solution; oral tablets; topical preparations). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK.
Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)Back Directory
[msds information]

Acetone(67-64-1).msds
Questions And AnswerBack Directory
[Introduction]

Acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is the simplest representative of the group of chemical compounds known as ketones. It is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid.
Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important laboratory solvent for cleaning purposes. Acetone is a highly effective solvent for many organic compounds such as Methanol, ethanol, ether, chloroform, pyridine, etc., and is the active ingredient in nail polish remover. It is also used to make various plastics, fibers, drugs, and other chemicals.
Acetone
Acetone exists in nature in the Free State. In the plants, it mainly exists in essential oils, such as tea oil, rosin essential oil, citrus oil, etc.; human urine and blood and animal urine, marine animal tissue and body fluids contain a small amount of acetone.
[Uses]

  • An important organic raw material in the chemical, artificial fiber, medicine, paint, plastics, organic glass, cosmetics and other industries; an excellent organic solvent that dissolves many organic products such as resin, cellulose acetate, acetylene and so on.
  • An important raw material for the synthesis of ketene, acetic anhydride, iodoform, polyisoprene rubber, methacrylic acid, methyl ester, chloroform, and epoxy resins.
  • The acetone cyanohydrin obtained from the reaction of acetone with hydrocyanic acid is the raw material of methacrylic resin (perspex).
  • A raw material in the production of epoxy resin intermediate bisphenol A.
  • In pharmaceuticals, acetone is used as extractants for a variety of vitamins and hormones in addition to vitamin C, and dewaxing solvents for petroleum refining.
  • A raw material for nail polish remover in cosmetics
  • One of the raw materials for synthesizing pyrethroids in pesticide industry
  • Acetone is often used to wipe the black ink above the copper tube in the precision copper tube industry.
[Production]

In 1913, the United Kingdom developed a method for fermenting cereals to produce acetone and butanol. In 1920, the dehydrogenation of isopropanol (synthesized by hydration of propylene) appeared. From 1953 to 1955, the United States Hercules and the British Distilling Company jointly developed the cumene process method, thereafter, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands also developed other methods. Now, Most of the worldwide industrial production of acetone (and phenol) is based on the cumene process, which uses benzene and propylene as raw materials, via cumene intermediates, then oxidized, hydrolyzed to produce acetone and co-produced phenol.
Acetone Reaction 1
Acetone is mainly used as an organic solvent and methyl methacrylate (the main raw material for organic glass).In the United States and Western Europe, the two accounts for 70% of the total consumption. It is used for bisphenol A, accounting for 10% to 15%, and the others 15% % to 20%.
Acetone Reaction 2
[Health Effects]

Summary: Acetone is mainly responsible for the inhibition and anesthesia of the central nervous system and exposure to high concentrations may cause liver, kidney, and pancreas impair to particular people. Because of its low toxicity, rapid metabolism and detoxification, acute poisoning under production conditions is rare. In case acute poisoning happens, symptoms of vomiting, shortness of breath, paralysis, and even coma can occur. After oral administration, burning sensation in the lips and throat may occur after hours of incubation, such as dry mouth, vomiting, drowsiness, acidity and ketosis, and even temporary disturbance of consciousness. The long-term damage of acetone to the human body is manifested as irritation to the eyes such as tearing, photophobia and infiltration of the corneal epithelium, as well as dizziness, burning sensation, throat irritation, and coughing.

Metabolism in the body: After being absorbed by the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, acetone is easily absorbed into the bloodstream due to its high water solubility and is rapidly distributed throughout the body. The excretion depends on the dose. When the dose is large, the main tract is mainly through the lungs and kidneys, and a very small amount is discharged through the skin. When the dose is small, most of them are oxidized into carbon dioxide. The biological half-life of acetone in blood is 5.3 h for rats, 11 h for dogs, and 3 h for humans. The metabolites of acetone in the human body are mostly a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate that is decomposed to acetoacetate and converted to glycogen.
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[Spectrum Detail]

Acetone(67-64-1)MS
Acetone(67-64-1)1HNMR
Acetone(67-64-1)13CNMR
Acetone(67-64-1)IR1
Acetone(67-64-1)Raman
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[Acros Organics]

Acetone,forHPLC,99.8%(67-64-1)
[Alfa Aesar]

Acetone, Spectrophotometric Grade, 99.5+%(67-64-1)
[Sigma Aldrich]

67-64-1(sigmaaldrich)
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127-17-3 5949-29-1 123-54-6 123-42-2 107-87-9 403-29-2 70-70-2 122-84-9 645-96-5 7188-38-7 67-64-1 93-55-0