Cobaltchlorid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
BLASSBLAUES HYGROSKOPISCHES PULVER. ROSAFäRBUNG BEI KONTAKT MIT LUFT UND FEUCHTIGKEIT.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV:(als Co) 0.02 mg/m?(als TWA); Krebskategorie: A3; BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen. Wiederholte oder andauernde Inhalation kann asthmatische Beschwerden hervorrufen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Herz, Schilddrüseund Knochenmark. Möglicherweise krebserzeugend für den Menschen. Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz möglicherweise fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken kann.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P3-Filter für giftige Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R49:Kann Krebs erzeugen beim Einatmen.
R42/43:Sensibilisierung durch Einatmen und Hautkontakt möglich.
R52/53:Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
Beschreibung
blue crystals (anhydrous)
violet-blue (dihydrate)
rose red crystals (hexahydrate)
Sinks and mixes with water. Pale blue leaflets, turns pink upon exposure to moist air.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) is a purplish-red or red monoclinic crystal that is slightly weathered and easily deliquescent. It has a melting point of 724°C and is soluble in water, ethanol, ether, and acetone. The anhydrous compound has the molecular formula CoCl₂, containing 45.4% cobalt and 54.6% chlorine. The monohydrate compound has the molecular formula CoCl₂·H₂O, containing 39.9% cobalt. The hexahydrate compound has the molecular formula CoCl₂·6H₂O, containing 24.8% cobalt.
Cobalt chloride crystals are stable at room temperature but lose water of crystallization and turn blue when heated. They turn red in humid air. When heated or when concentrated hydrochloric acid, chloride, or organic solvents are added, its aqueous solution becomes blue. The compound crystallizes at 30–45°C and begins to weather, becoming turbid. It forms a tetrahydrate when heated at 45–50°C for 4 hours, and becomes anhydrous when heated to 110°C. It is obtained through the reaction of cobalt powder, cobalt oxide, cobalt hydroxide, or cobalt carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Blue leaflets; turns pink in moist air; hygroscopic; the dihydrate is violet blue crystal; the hexahydrate is pink monoclinic crystal; density 3.36, 2.48 and 1.92 g/cm3 for anhydrous salt, dihydrate and hexahydrate, respectively; anhydrous salt melts at 740°C and vaporizes at 1,049°C; vapor pressure 60 torr at 801°C; the hexahydrate decomposes at 87°C; the anhydrous salt and the hydrates are all soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, and ether; the solubility of hydrates in water is greater than the anhydrous salt.
Verwenden
Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) is used to manufacture vitamin B12, even though the compound
itself can cause damage to red blood cells. It is also used as a dye mordant (to fix the dye to
the textile so that it will not run). It is also of use in manufacturing solid lubricants, as an
additive to fertilizers, as a chemical reagent in laboratories, and as an absorbent in gas masks,
electroplating, and the manufacture of vitamin B12.
Definition
ChEBI: Cobalt dichloride is a cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants. It has a role as a two-colour indicator, an allergen, a calcium channel blocker and a sensitiser. It is a cobalt salt and an inorganic chloride. It contains a cobalt(2+).
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Cobalt(II) chloride is an anhydrous cobalt salt. Cobalt(II) chloride participates in the synthesis of various esters in the presence of acetonitrile.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Hygroscopic. Soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
A 0.2 molar aqueous solution has a pH of 4.6. Cobalt chloride acts as a weakly acidic inorganic salt, which is soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions. Potassium or sodium metals act to reduce metal halides, producing exothermic reactions, even explosions [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].
Hazard
May not be used in food products (FDA).
Can cause blood damage.
Health Hazard
Inhalation causes respiratory disease, shortness of breath, and coughing; permanent disability may occur. Ingestion causes pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Contact causes irritation of eyes and may cause skin rash.
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic cobalt oxide fumes may form in fire.
Sicherheitsprofil
Suspected carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic data. Poison
experimentally by ingestion, skin contact,
intraperitoneal, intravenous, and
subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic to
humans by ingestion. Human systemic
effects by ingestion: anorexia, goiter
(increased thyroid size), and weight loss.
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive
effects. Human mutation data reported.
Incompatible with metals (e.g., sodmm and
potassium). See also COBALT. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxic
fumes of Cl-.
läuterung methode
A saturated aqueous solution at room temperature is fractionally crystallised by standing overnight. The first half of the material that crystallises in this way is used in the next crystallisation. The process is repeated several times, water being removed in a dry-box using air filtered through glass wool and dried over CaCl2 [Hutchinson J Am Chem Soc 76 1022 1954]. It has also been crystallised from dilute aqueous HCl. The hexahydrate m 86o forms pink to red deliquescent crystals. It loses 4H2O on heating at 52-56o and forms the violet dihydrate which loses a further H2O at 100o to form the violet monohydrate which loses the last H2O at 120-140o to give the pale blue anhydrous deliquescent salt m 735o and b 1049o. A pink solution of CoCl2 in H2O becomes blue on heating to 50o or adding conc HCl which may precipitate the mono or dihydrate. The solid dihydrate gives a blue-purple solution with EtOH. Note: CoCl2 in H2O is a “sympathetic ink”, i.e. writing using an aqueous solution is almost invisible on paper, but becomes blue on warming the paper. On cooling or standing, the writing becomes invisible again. The anhydrous salt is soluble in H2O, EtOH, Et2O, Me2CO and pyridine. [Glemser in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1515 1965.]
Cobaltchlorid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
O,O-Dimethyl(chlor)thiophosphat
Cobaltdihydroxid
Silica gel
[Ethan-1,2-diylbis[nitrilobis(methylen)]]tetrakisphosphonsure
Cholest-5-en-3-β-ylacetat
m-Phenoxybenzaldehyd
Hexa-2,4-diensure
Phosphorus-containing intermediates of asymmetric organophosphorus pesticides
Color changing silica gel
Natrium-[2,4-dihydro-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-onato(2-)][1-[(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphtholato(2-)]cobaltat(1-)
Cobaltcarbonat
Streptomycinsulfat
Acid Yellow 116
Sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine
Dicamba
Acid Yellow 128
LEATHERSPRAYINGBLUERL
Cyanocobalamin
Cobaltbis(2-ethylhexanoat)
Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
4-Amino-1-butanol
Acid Red 213
Hexadecan-1,16-diol
Thiophosphorsäure-O,O-dimethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichlor-2-pyridinyl)ester
Natriumchlorit
Cobaltoxid
Chinalphos (ISO)
cis,trans-Hexa-1,4-dien
Hydrogenbis[2-[(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo]benzoato(2-)]chromat(1-)
