Potassium iodide

Melting point : 113 °C(lit.)

Boiling point : 184 °C(lit.)

density : 1.32 g/mL at 25 °C

vapor density : 9 (vs air)

vapor pressure : 0.31 mm Hg ( 25 °C)

refractive index : 1.677

Fp : 1330°C

storage temp. : Store at RT.

solubility : H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless

form : particles (round)

PH: 6.0-9.0 (25℃, 1M in H2O)

Water Solubility : 1.43 kg/L

Sensitive : Hygroscopic

Merck : 14,7643

Stability:: Stable. Protect from light and moisture. Incompatible with strong reducing agents, strong acids, steel, aluminium, alkali metals, brass, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, copper, tin, nickel and their alloys.

CAS DataBase Reference: 7681-11-0(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference: Potassium iodide(7681-11-0)

EPA Substance Registry System: Potassium iodide (KI)(7681-11-0)

Feed additives Potassium iodide is ionic compound which iodine ions and silver ions can form yellow precipitate silver iodide (when exposes to light, it can decompose, it can be used to make high-speed photographic film), silver nitrate can be used to verify the presence of iodine ions. Iodine is ingredient of thyroxine, it is closely related to basal metabolism livestock, it participates in almost all the metabolism process, livestock iodine deficiency can cause thyroid hypertrophy, basal metabolic rate dropps, and affects growth and development. Young animals and animal feed of iodine deficiency area need add iodine, iodine requirements of high producing dairy cows, yield hens should increase, the feed also need to add iodine. Iodine of milk and egg increases with dietary iodine. According to reports, periodate eggs can reduce cholesterol levels and good for the health of patients with hypertension. In addition, during the fattening of animals, though not iodine deficiency, in order to make livestock hypothyroidism strong, enhanced anti-stress, maintain the highest production capacity, iodide is also added, potassium iodide as the iodine source is added to feed, it can prevent iodine deficiency disorders, promote growth, increase egg production rate and reproduction rate and improve feed efficiency, the amount of feed is generally a few PPM, because of its instability, iron citrate and calcium stearate (generally 10%) is usually added as protective agent to make it stable.

Chemical properties It is colorless or white cubic crystal. It is odorless, thick bitter salty. It is easily soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, methanol, acetone, glycerol and liquid ammonia, slightly soluble in ether. Its solution is neutral or slightly alkaline.

Radiation effects Various countries aim at surrounding residents of nuclear power plants to provide or reserves iodine tablets, the main ingredient is potassium iodide, when nuclear power plant occurs disaster and radiation leaks, the surrounding residents should take iodine tablets, iodine can saturate the thyroid gland and reduce absorption of radioactive iodine-131. When suffers the free iodine radiation exposure, within four hours can take effect, but it can not prevent ionizing radiation of iodine-131 exceptant and isotope. Improper use may cause hyperthyroidism symptoms without instructions for most people.

Uses (1) It is used as common reagents for the analysis, it is also used for the preparation of photographic photosensitive emulsifiers, pharmaceutical industry (2) It is used for photographic emulsion, soap, lithography, organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, food additives, etc. (3) KI is allowed using in food iodine supplements. It can be used in salt, the amount of use is 30~70mg/kg; the amount of use in infant foods is 0.3~0.6mg/kg. (4) KI is food supplements of iodine which allowed using, China provides it can be used in food for infants and young children, the use amount is 0.3-0.6mg/kg. It can be used in salt, the use amount is 30-70mL/kg. Iodine is an integral part of thyroxine, it participates in all metabolites and maintain body heat balance, it is essential hormone of animal growth, reproduction, it can improve growth performance of livestock, and promote the body's health. If livestock body iodine deficiency can cause metabolic disorders, disorder in the body, goiter, it can digestion and absorption of neurological and fur color quality and feed, and resulting in slow growth. (5) It is used as nutritional supplements (iodine enhancer). Table salt is in the amount of 0.01% or less. (6) It is raw material of making iodide and dye. It is used as photographic emulsion. In medicine, it is used as expectorant, diuretic, goiter and hyperthyroidism surgery control agents with drugs, it can also used for manufacturing rheumatic analgesic effect of promoting blood circulation analgesic cream. It is cosolvent of iodine and some insoluble metal iodide. It can be used as animal feed additives. (7) It can be used in the food industry for nutritional supplements (iodine enhancer). Properties, uses, toxicity, methods of production of potassium iodide are edited by andy of Chemicalbook （2016-12-03）.

Solubility in water Grams which dissolves in per 100 ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 128g/0 ℃; 136g/10 ℃; 144g/20 ℃; 153g/30 ℃; 162g/40 ℃; 168g/50 ℃ 176g/60 ℃; 192g/80 ℃; 198g/90 ℃; 206g/100 ℃

Identification test 10% of the sample liquid potassium test (IT-27) and iodide test (IT-18), it is positive.

Content of accurately weighing precisely about 500mg sample pre-dried at 105℃ for 4h, dissolves in about 10ml of water, 35ml hydrochloric acid and chloroform 5ml is added. Using 0.05mol/L potassium iodate titrage until chloroform layer purple iodine disappears. Finally, some the potassium iodate solution should be dropped under vigorous stirring constantly. After the chloroform layer fade, this mixture is placed 5min. If the chloroform layer is then purple, then the potassium iodate is titraged again. Per Ml 0.05mol/L potassium iodate is equivalent of potassium iodide (KI) 16.60mg.

Toxicity GRAS (FDA, §184.1634,2000). Toxicity 1: See iodine. Toxicity 2: It is generally recognized as safe (US Food and Drug Administration, 1985). The edible salt is in the amount of 0.01% or less.

Limited use GB 14880-94 (mg/kg): 30 to 70 salt; 0.3 to 0.6 infant foods. FDA, §172.375 (2000) (μg/d): 45 infants; children under 4 years of age 105; children under 4 years of age 225; 300 pregnant and lactating women.

Standards for Use of Food Additives Chinese name of additives: potassium iodide [minerals], potassium iodide [minerals]. Chinese name of food which allows to use this additive: infantal food, salt Function of the additive: Nutrition supplements, nutrition supplements. The maximum allowed amount (g/kg): 0.3~0.6mg (1. potassium iodide content is 76.4% in terms of elemental iodine; potassium iodate content is 59.63% in terms of elemental iodine salt 2. Strengthening capacity of salt is 20~60mg/kg, fortification amount of infant food is 250~480μg/kg). 30~70mg  (1. potassium iodide content is 76.4% in terms of elemental iodine; potassium iodate content is 59.63% in terms of elemental iodine salt 2. Strengthening capacity of salt is 20~60mg/kg, fortification amount of infant food is 250~480μg/kg). The maximum allowable residues (g/kg)

Production method (1) Formic acid reduction method sees KI, the difference is that arsenic removal agent and heavy metals agent should be added to purify solution. Iron reduction method: the theoretical amount of 100% to 103% caustic potash is added into the reactor which contains distilled wate, quantitative iodine is added for several times with stirring, it is incubated at 80~90 ℃ and reaction is stirred for about 1h, the reaction liquid is brown, Ph range is 6 to 7 , potassium iodate crystals appears. The reaction mixture is cooled to below 30 ℃, iron is added to make potassium iodate reduced to potassium iodide. When starts, reaction is violent , until the reaction ease, it is heated to boiling, stirring is continued for 1~2h, then 10% caustic potash solution adjusts Ph value to 8, arsenic removal agent and heavy metals agent is added to purify solution, standing, it is filtered to remove arsenic and heavy metals and other impurities, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation to crystallize, and then cooling and crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying, edible potassium iodide to obtain the finished product, its 3I2 + 6KOH → 5KI + K1O3 + 3H2O KIO3 + 3Fe + 3H2O → KI + 3Fe (OH) 2 (2) Formic acid reduction method: Technical grade iodine is added into a stirred reactor, water is added, a solution of potassium hydroxide which relative density is about 1.3 is slowly added under stirring to completely react. The reaction solution is purple-brown, Ph value is 5 to 6, a portion of the crystalline potassium iodate appears in vessel. Formic acid is slowly added into the solution to reduct potassium iodate. After reducted by formic acid, potassium hydroxide is added into the solution, adjusts the Ph value 9 to 10. Steaming, heat preservation for 1~2 h. Standing, insolubles are removed by filtration to give clear filter liquor, filtrate is concentrated by evaporation to most crystallize out, and then cooling and crystallization, centrifugation, crystallization dried at 110 ℃, potassium iodide to obtain the finished product. its 6KOH + 3I2 → 5KI + KIO3 + 3H2O K103 + 3HCOOH → KI + 3H2O + 3CO2 ↑ (3) By effect of iodine and potassium hydroxide to get potassium iodate, the reduction with formic acid or charcoal can derive. (4) Now most of China Manufactory uses reduction of formic acid to product potassium iodide. That is the role of iodine and potassium hydroxide can generate potassium iodide and potassium iodate, then the revivification of iodic acid or charcoal can get. But this method has generated iodate, products should not be used as food additives. Food-grade potassium iodide can be used iron production. Scrap iron method is using scrap iron and iodine as raw material. A portion of iron is placed in a reactor, 7 points (by mass) of water is added, at 65℃(periodate is easily sublimated at high temperature) 3.3 parts of iodine is added stage addition. After addition of iodine solution is dark red-brown, when the solution is pale green, the second batch of iodine tablet is added. Scrap iron is then filtered off to give a solution of ferrous iron, the solution is added into 10: 3 (mass ratio) aqueous solution of potassium carbonate to generate iron carbonate precipitation and potassium iodide solution. The solution is standing, supernatant liquid separates out after clarification, it is concentrated by heating to a relative density of 1.93-1.98, the hot filtration. Cooling to 60-70℃, standing for crystals, it is separated under 70-90 ℃ and dried to get anhydrous potassium iodide product. (5) Now most of China Manufactory  uses reduction of formic acid to product potassium iodide. That is the role of iodine and potassium hydroxide can generate potassium iodide and potassium iodate, then the revivification of iodic acid or charcoal can get. But this method has generated iodate, products should not be used as food additives. Food-grade potassium iodide can be used iron production. Scrap iron method is using scrap iron and iodine as raw material. A portion of iron is placed in a reactor, 7 points (by mass) of water is added, at 65℃(periodate is easily sublimated at high temperature) 3.3 parts of iodine is added stage addition. After addition of iodine solution is dark red-brown, when the solution is pale green, the second batch of iodine tablet is added. Scrap iron is then filtered off to give a solution of ferrous iron, the solution is added into 10: 3 (mass ratio) aqueous solution of potassium carbonate to generate iron carbonate precipitation and potassium iodide solution. The solution is standing, supernatant liquid separates out after clarification, it is concentrated by heating to a relative density of 1.93-1.98, the hot filtration. Cooling to 60-70℃, standing for crystals, it is separated under 70-90 ℃ and dried to get anhydrous potassium iodide product. Fe + I2 → FeI2 Fe I2 + K2CO3-2KI + FeCO3 ↓

Chemical Properties Powder

Uses Potassium iodide is used to treat overactive thyroid and to protect the thyroid gland from the effects of radiation from inhaled or swallowed radioactive iodine. It may be used before and after administration of medicine containing radioactive iodine or a

General Description Odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes with water.

Air & Water Reactions Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, cadmium chloride, calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, Potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:164, 165. 1956].

Health Hazard May irritate eyes or open cuts.

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