글리세린

글리세린
글리세린 구조식 이미지
카스 번호:
56-81-5
한글명:
글리세린
동의어(한글):
글리세롤;글리세린;글리세린미스트;1,2,3-프로페인트라이올;글리롤;글리사닌;글리세리톨;글리세린 무수물;글리실 알코올;오스모글린;트라이하이드록시프로페인;프로페인트라이올
상품명:
Glycerol
동의어(영문):
Glycerine;Glyceol;ifp;Glycerin USP;GLYCEROL ANHYDROUS;Propanetriol;propan-1,2,3-triol;1,2,3-Propanetriol;Clycerol;Glycyl alcohol
CBNumber:
CB5339206
분자식:
C3H8O3
포뮬러 무게:
92.09
MOL 파일:
56-81-5.mol
MSDS 파일:
SDS

글리세린 속성

녹는점
20 °C(lit.)
끓는 점
290 °C
밀도
1.25 g/mL(lit.)
증기 밀도
3.1 (vs air)
증기압
<1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
FEMA
2525 | GLYCEROL
굴절률
n20/D 1.474(lit.)
인화점
320 °F
저장 조건
Store at +5°C to +30°C.
용해도
H2O: 5 M at 20 °C, 투명, 무색
산도 계수 (pKa)
14.15(at 25℃)
물리적 상태
점성 액체
색상
APHA: ≤10
Specific Gravity
1.265 (15/15℃)1.262
냄새
냄새 없는.
pH 범위
5.5 - 8
수소이온지수(pH)
5.5-8 (25℃, 5M in H2O)
폭발한계
2.6-11.3%(V)
?? ??
냄새 없는
수용성
>500g/L(20℃)
감도
Hygroscopic
최대 파장(λmax)
λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.04
Merck
14,4484
JECFA Number
909
BRN
635685
Dielectric constant
47.0(Ambient)
노출 한도
OSHA: TWA 15 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3
안정성
안정적인. 과염소산, 산화 납, 무수 아세트산, 니트로벤젠, 염소, 과산화물, 강산, 강염기와 호환되지 않습니다. 타기 쉬운.
InChIKey
PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
-2.32
CAS 데이터베이스
56-81-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST
1,2,3-Propanetriol(56-81-5)
EPA
Glycerine (56-81-5)
안전
  • 위험 및 안전 성명
  • 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 F,Xn
위험 카페고리 넘버 36-20/21/22-11
안전지침서 24/25-39-26
유엔번호(UN No.) UN 1282 3/PG 2
WGK 독일 1
RTECS 번호 MA8050000
F 고인화성물질 3
자연 발화 온도 698 °F
TSCA Yes
HS 번호 29054500
유해 물질 데이터 56-81-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
독성 LD50 in rats (ml/kg): >20 orally; 4.4 i.v. (Bartsch)
기존화학 물질 KE-29297
그림문자(GHS): GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
신호 어: Danger
유해·위험 문구:
암호 유해·위험 문구 위험 등급 범주 신호 어 그림 문자 P- 코드
H225 고인화성 액체 및 증기 인화성 액체 구분 2 위험 GHS hazard pictograms P210,P233, P240, P241, P242, P243,P280, P303+ P361+P353, P370+P378,P403+P235, P501
H315 피부에 자극을 일으킴 피부부식성 또는 자극성물질 구분 2 경고 GHS hazard pictograms P264, P280, P302+P352, P321,P332+P313, P362
H319 눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴 심한 눈 손상 또는 자극성 물질 구분 2A 경고 GHS hazard pictograms P264, P280, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313P
H320 눈에 자극을 일으킴 심한 눈 손상 또는 자극성 물질 구분 2B 경고 P264, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313
예방조치문구:
P210 열·스파크·화염·고열로부터 멀리하시오 - 금연 하시오.
P261 분진·흄·가스·미스트·증기·...·스프레이의 흡입을 피하시오.
P264 취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.
P264 취급 후에는 손을 철저히 씻으시오.
P280 보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.
P305+P351+P338 눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.
P337+P313 눈에 대한 자극이 지속되면 의학적인 조치· 조언를 구하시오.
P370+P378 화재 시 불을 끄기 위해 (Section 5. 폭발, 화재시 대처방법의 적절한 소화제)을(를) 사용하시오.
P403+P235 환기가 잘 되는 곳에 보관하고 저온으로 유지하시오.
NFPA 704
1
1 0

글리세린 MSDS


Glycerine

글리세린 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

물성

무색투명하고 단맛이 나는 끈기 있는 액체로 흡습성이 강하다. 아주 순수한 글리세롤을 강하게 냉각하면, 녹는점 18℃의 결정을 얻는데, 과냉각을 일으키기 쉽다. 물과 알코올에는 임의의 비율로 섞이지만, 탄화수소에는 녹지 않는다. 글리세롤을 철(Ⅱ)염의 존재하에 과산화수소로 산화시키면 글리세르알데히드를 생성하는데, 과망간산칼륨과 같은 강한 산화제로 격렬하게 산화시키면 발화하거나 폭발을 일으킨다.

용도

각종 화장품, 용제, 인쇄잉크, 탄약, 부동액, 제약, 셀로판, 투명비누, 접착제, 알키드수지, 안료, 다이나마이트 등.

순도시험

  (1) 염화물 : 이 품목 3.5g을 취하여 염화물시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 0.01N 염산 0.1mL에 대응하는 양 이하이어야 한다.

  (2) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (3) 납 : 이 품목 5.0g을 취하여 원자흡광광도법 또는 유도결합플라즈마발광광도법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 2.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (4) 카드뮴 : 이 품목 5.0g을 취하여 원자흡광광도법 또는 유도결합플라즈마발광광도법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 1.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (5) 수은 : 이 품목을 수은시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 1.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

확인시험

  이 품목 2~3방울에 황산수소칼륨 0.5g을 가하고 가열하면 아크롤레인의 자극적인 냄새를 발생한다.

정량법

  이 품목 약 1g을 정밀하게 달아 물을 가해 100mL로 한다. 이 액 5mL을 취하여 0.3% 과요오드산칼륨 용액 100mL을 가하고 잘 혼합한 후 1시간 방치한다. 프로필렌글리콜 1mL을 가해 10분간 방치한 다음 분홍색이 유지될 때까지 0.05N 수산화나트륨으로 적정한다(지시약 : 페놀프탈레인시액 2방울). 따로 같은 방법으로 공시험을 행한다.
                                                                   0.05N 수산화나트륨용액 1mL = 4.605mg C3H8O3
 

강열잔류물

  이 품목 10g에 황산 1~2방울을 가하고 조용히 가열하며 점화하여 태워서 그 잔류물에 대하여 강열잔류물시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 0.01% 이하이어야 한다.

개요

Glycerol is a colorless, viscous, hygroscopic, sweet-tasting trihydric alcohol. It is also called glycerin or glycerine, with the term glycerol being preferred as the pure chemical form and the term glycerin(e) being primarily used when the compound is used commercially in various grades.

화학적 성질

Glycerol,CH20HCHOHCH20H, also known as glycerin and glycyl alcohol, is a clear, colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet taste.It is the simplest trihydroxy alcohol and a valuable chemical intermediary, It is soluble in water and alcohol, but only partially soluble in ether and ethyl acetate. Glycerol is used in perfume and medicine,as an antifreeze,and in manufacturing soaps and explosives.

출처

Reported found in cocoa, apple, cider, beer, sour cherries, peach and wine

역사

Glycerol was first isolated from olive oil and lead oxide by the Swedish chemist Carl Scheele (1742–1786) while making lead plaster soap in 1779. Scheele eventually realized that glycerol was a common ingredient in fats and oils and referred to glycerol as “the sweet principle of fats.” In 1811, the French chemist Michel Eugene Chevreul (1786–1889), who was a pioneer in the study of fats and oils, proposed the name glycerine after the Greek word glucos, which means sweet. Chevreul decomposed soaps isolating different acids such as stearic and butyric acid and discovered that glycerol was liberated when oils and fats were boiled in a basic mixture. Th éophile-Jules Pelouze (1807–1867) derived glycerol’s empirical formula in 1836.

용도

Glycerol is used both in sample preparation and gel formation for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Glycerol (5-10%) increases the density of a sample so that the sample will layer at the bottom of a gel’s sample well. Glycerol is also used to aid in casting gradient gels and as a protein stabilizer and storage buffer component.

정의

ChEBI: A triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.

생산 방법

Glycerol is a by-product in the production of candles and soaps and was originally discardedin the production of these items. The process of converting a fat to soap is termedsaponification. The traditional method of saponification involved the use of animal fats andvegetable oils. Fats and oils are esters formed when three fatty-acid molecules attach to a singleglycerol molecule. When the three fatty acids attach to the three hydroxyl groups of the glycerol,a triglyceride is formed. During saponification of animal and plant products, hydrolysisof triglycerides converts triglycerides back to fatty acids and glycerol.the fatty acids then reactwith a base to produce a carboxylic acid salt commonly called soap.
Until 1940, the world’s demand for glycerol was supplied from natural sources throughthe production of soaps and candles. Glycerol can also be produced through the fermentationof sugar, and this process was used to increase glycerol production during World War I.Glycerol can also be produced synthetically from propylene. The synthetic production frompropylene first occurred just before World War II and commercial production started in 1943in Germany. The synthetic process begins with the chlorine substitution of one hydrogenatom of propylene to allyl chloride: H2C = CH-CH3 + Cl2 → H2C = CH-CH2Cl + HCl. Allylchloride is then treated with hypochlorous acid to produce 1,3-dichlorohydrin.

화학 반응

Glycerol reacts (1) with phosphorus pentachloride to form glyceryl trichloride, CH2Cl·CHCl · CH2Cl, (2) with acids to form esters, e.g., glycerol monoacetate CH2OH ·CHOH·CH2OOCCH3, glycerol diacetate C3H5(OH)(OCOCH3)2, glycerol triacetate (triacetin), CH2OOCCH3·CHOOCCH3·CH2OOCCH3, glycerol mononitrates (alpha, CH2OH·CHOH·CH2ONO2; beta, CH2OH · CHONO2·CH2OH), glycerol dinitrates (1, 2,CH2OH· CHONO2·CH2 ONO2; 1, 3,CH2ONO2·CHOH·CH2ONO2), glyceryl trinitrate (“nitroglycerine”), CH2ONO2·CHONO2·CH2ONO2, glyceryl tristearate (tristearin), CH2OOCC17H35·CHOO-CC17H35·CH2OOCC17H35, indirectly, glycerol monophosphates (alpha, CH2OH·CHOH·CH2OPO(OH)2, beta, CH2OH·CHOPO(OH)2·CH2OH, (3) with oxidizing agents, e.g., dilute nitric acid, to form glyceric acid, CH2OH·CHOH·COOH, tartaric acid, COOH·CHOH·COOH, mesoxalic acid, COOH·CO·COOH, (4) with phosphorus plus iodine, to form allyl iodide, CH2 : CHCH2I, which with hydrogen iodide yields propylene, CH2 : CHCH3, and then iso-propyl iodide, CH3CHICH3, (5) with sodium or sodium hydroxide to form alcoholates, (6) with sodium hydrogen sulfate or phosphorus pentoxide heated, to form acrolein, CH2 : CHCHO. Glycide alcohol is obtained by treatment of glycerol alphamonochlorohydrin CH2OH·CHOH·CH2Cl, which is made by reaction of hypochlorous acid and allyl alcohol with barium hydroxide. With hydrogen chloride, glycide alcohol yields epichlorohydrin.

일반 설명

A colorless to brown colored liquid. Combustible but may require some effort to ignite. Residual sodium hydroxide (lye) causes crude material to be corrosive to metals and/or tissue.

공기와 물의 반응

Hygroscopic. Water soluble.

반응 프로필

GLYCERINE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. Glycerol is also incompatible with hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, nitric acid + sulfuric acid, perchloric acid + lead oxide, acetic anhydride, aniline + nitrobenzene, Ca(OCl)2, CrO3, F2 + PbO, KMnO4, K2O2, AgClO4 and NaH. A mixture with chlorine explodes if heated to 158-176° F. Glycerol reacts with acetic acid, potassium peroxide, sodium peroxide, hydrochloric acid, (HClO4 + PbO) and Na2O2. Contact with potassium chlorate may be explosive. Glycerol also reacts with ethylene oxide, perchloric acid, nitric acid + hydrofluoric acid and phosphorus triiodide.

건강위험

No hazard

화재위험

Glycerol is combustible.

화학 반응

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Glycerin is used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations including oral, otic, ophthalmic, topical, and parenteral preparations.
In topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics, glycerin is used primarily for its humectant and emollient properties. Glycerin is used as a solvent or cosolvent in creams and emulsions. Glycerin is additionally used in aqueous and nonaqueous gels and also as an additive in patch applications. In parenteral formulations, glycerin is used mainly as a solvent and cosolvent.
In oral solutions, glycerin is used as a solvent, sweetening agent, antimicrobial preservative, and viscosity-increasing agent. It is also used as a plasticizer and in film coatings.
Glycerin is used as a plasticizer of gelatin in the production of soft-gelatin capsules and gelatin suppositories.
Glycerin is employed as a therapeutic agent in a variety of clinical applications, and is also used as a food additive.

Safety Profile

Poison by subcutaneous route. Mildly toxic by ingestion. Human systemic effects by ingestion: headache and nausea or vomiting. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A skin and eye irritant. In the form of mist it is a nuisance particulate and inhalation irritant. Combustible liquid when exposed to heat, flame, or powerful oxidizers. Mixtures with hydrogen peroxide are highly explosive. Ignites on contact with potassium permanganate, calcium hypochlorite. Mixture with nitric acid + sulfuric acid forms the explosive glyceql nitrate. Mixture with perchloric acid + lead oxide forms explosive perchlorate esters. Confined mixture with chlorine explodes if heated to 70-80'. Can react violently with acetic anhydride, aniline + nitrobenzene, Ca(OCl)2, Cr03,Cr203, F2 + PbO, phosphorus triiodide, ethylene oxide + heat, KMnO4, K2O2, AgClO4, Na2O2, NaH. Energetic reaction with sodium hydride. Mixture with nitric acid + hydrofluoric acid is a storage hazard due to gas evolution. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Safety

Glycerin occurs naturally in animal and vegetable fats and oils that are consumed as part of a normal diet. Glycerin is readily absorbed from the intestine and is either metabolized to carbon dioxide and glycogen or used in the synthesis of body fats.
Glycerin is used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations including oral, ophthalmic, parenteral, and topical preparations. Adverse effects are mainly due to the dehydrating properties of glycerin.
Oral doses are demulcent and mildly laxative in action. Large doses may produce headache, thirst, nausea, and hyperglycemia. The therapeutic parenteral administration of very large glycerin doses, 70–80 g over 30–60 minutes in adults to reduce cranial pressure, may induce hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and renal failure.( 16) Slower administration has no deleterious effects.
Glycerin may also be used orally in doses of 1.0–1.5 g/kg bodyweight to reduce intraocular pressure.
When used as an excipient or food additive, glycerin is not usually associated with any adverse effects and is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material.
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 7.75 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IP): 8.70 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 4.25 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.1 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, SC): 0.09 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, IV): 0.05 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, oral): 27 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 4.42 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 5.57 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 12.6 g/kg
LD50 (rat, SC): 0.1 g/kg

잠재적 노출

Glycerol is used as a humectant in tobacco; it is used in cosmetics, antifreezes and inks. It is used as a fiber lubricant. It is used as a raw material for alkyd resins and in explosives manufacture.

환경귀착

Glycerol is completely miscible with water. When exposed to moist air, it absorbs water (hydroscopic) as well as gasses such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. Glycerol has low volatility, with a vapor pressure of 0.000106 hPa at 25 ℃; the calculated Henry’s law constant (maximum solubility) is 9.75E-6 Pam3 mol-1. The calculated photodegradation halflife of glycerol in air is 6.8 h. Glycerol is readily biodegradable. When released to the environment, glycerol is distributed to water, with negligible amounts distributed in air, soil, or sediment. Based on a log Kow of -1.76, glycerol has a low bioaccumulation potential and is not expected to bioaccumulate.

저장

Glycerin is hygroscopic. Pure glycerin is not prone to oxidation by the atmosphere under ordinary storage conditions, but it decomposes on heating with the evolution of toxic acrolein. Mixtures of glycerin with water, ethanol (95%), and propylene glycol are chemically stable.

운송 방법

UN1760 Corrosive liquids, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required.

비 호환성

Able to polymerize above 300 ℉/150 ℃.Incompatible with acetic anhydrides (especially in the pres ence of a catalyst), strong acids, caustics, aliphatic amines, and isocyanates. Strong oxidizers, e.g., chromium trioxide, potassium chlorate, and potassium permanganate); can cause fire and explosion hazard. Hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air). Decomposes when heated, produc ing corrosive gas of acrolein.

폐기물 처리

Mixture with a more flamma ble solvent followed by incineration.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (dental pastes; buccal preparations; inhalations; injections; nasal and ophthalmic preparations; oral capsules, solutions, suspensions and tablets; otic, rectal, topical, transdermal, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

글리세린 준비 용품 및 원자재

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