염화메틸

염화메틸 속성

염화메틸 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

Methyl chloride is a colorless, flammable gas with a faintly sweet, nonirritating odor at room temperature. It is shipped as a transparent liquid under its vapor pressure of about 59 psig at 70°F (407 kPa at 21.1℃）.
Methyl chloride burns feebly in air, but forms mixtures with air that can be explosive within its flammability range.
Dry methyl chloride is very stable at normal temperatures and in contact with air. In the presence of moisture, it hydrolyzes slowly, which results in the formation of corrosive hydrochloric acid. At temperatures above 700°F (371℃）, methyl chloride may decompose into toxic end-products (hydrochloric acid, phosgene, chlorine, and carbon monoxide). It is slightly soluble in water and very soluble in alcohol, mineral oils, chloroform, and most organic liquids.

화학적 성질

Methyl chloride,CH3CI, is a flammable, narcotic,colorless compressed gas or liquid with a faintly sweet odor.Slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol this gas boils at -23.7℃ and freezes at -97.6℃ and is used as a refrigerant, catalyst carrier, and methylating agent. Also known as chloromethane.

물리적 성질

Colorless, liquefied compressed gas, with a sweet, ethereal odor. Volatile flammable gas. An experimentally determined odor threshold concentration of >100 ppm_v was reported by Leonardos et al. (1969).

용도

Methyl chloride is used as a refrigerant,as a local anesthetic, as a blowing agentfor polystyrene foams, and as a methylat ing agent in the synthesis of a number ofchemicals of commercial application.

생산 방법

Methyl chloride has been used in rubber adhesives and other rubber solutions; in the pharmaceutical industry; as a paint and varnish remover; in solvent degreasing; in aerosol 2 JON B. REID AND CUSTODIO V. MUIANGA formulations; in food and drug processing; in the plastics industry; in hair sprays, insecticides, and spray paints; as a cosolvent or vapor pressure depressant; as a blowing agent for flexible polyurethane foams; as a cleaning solvent for printed circuit boards; as a stripper solvent for photoresists; as a solvent for cellulose acetate fiber; in plastic film; in protective coatings; in chemical processing; as a carrier solvent for herbicides and insecticides; to extract heatsensitive, naturally occurring substances such as cocoa, edible fats, spices, and beer hops; for decaffeinating coffee; as a refrigerant; in oil dewaxing; as a dye and perfume intermediate; in the textile industry; as a postharvest fumigant for strawberries; as a grain fumigant; for degreening citrus fruits; as an industrial solvent; in low-temperature extraction; as a solvent for oil, fats, bitumen, esters, resins, and rubber; in coating photographic films; as a food additive; in synthetic fibers and leather coatings; as a spotting agent; and in organic synthesis.

정의

ChEBI: A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.

일반 설명

A colorless gas with a faint sweet odor. Shipped as a liquid under its vapor pressure. A leak may either be liquid or vapor. Contact with the liquid may cause frostbite by evaporative cooling. Easily ignited. Vapors heavier than air. Can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Used to make other chemicals and as a herbicide.

공기와 물의 반응

Highly flammable.

반응 프로필

METHYL CHLORIDE can react vigorously with oxidizing agents. May react explosively with sodium, potassium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, zinc. Reacts with aluminum powder in the presence of catalytic amounts of aluminum chloride to form pyrophoric trimethylaluminum. When heated to decomposition, METHYL CHLORIDE emits highly toxic fumes of chlorine [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 176].

위험도

Flammable, dangerous fire risk, explosive limits in air 10.7–17%. Narcotic. Psychic effects. Central nervous system impairment; liver, kidney and testicular damage, and teratogenic effects. Questionable carcinogen.

건강위험

Inhalation of methyl chloride can produceheadache, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea,vomiting, convulsions, coma, and respiratoryfailure. It is narcotic at high concentrations.Repeated exposures can produce liver and Methyl chloride caused adverse reproduc tive effects in test animals. These includeembryo toxicity, fetal death, developmentalabnormalities, and paternal effects in rats andmice. It tested positive to the histidine rever sion–Ames test for mutagenicity. The car cinogenic properties of this compound havenot been established. The evidence in ani mals and humans is inadequate.

화재위험

Flammable gas, burns with a smoky flame; autoignition temperature 632°C (1170°F). Methyl chloride forms explosive mixtures with air within the range 7.6–19.0% by volume in air. It reacts explosively with alkali metals, potassium, sodium, or lithium; sodium–potassium alloy; and with magnesium, aluminum, or zinc in powder form.

Materials Uses

Dry methyl chloride may be contained in such common metals as steel, iron, copper, and bronze, but it has a corrosive action on zinc, aluminum, die castings, and possibly magnesium alloys. Methyl chloride must not be used with aluminum, since in the presence of moisture it forms spontaneously flammable methyl aluminum compounds upon contact with that metal. No reaction occurs, however, with the drying agent, activated alumina.
Gaskets made of natural rubber and many neoprene compositions should be avoided because methyl chloride dissolves many organic materials. Pressed fiber gaskets, including those made of asbestos may be used with methyl chloride. Polyvinyl alcohol is unaffected by methyl chloride, and its use is also recommended. Medium- soft metal gaskets may be used for applications where alternating stresses such as those resulting from large temperature changes do not lead to "ironing out" and consequent leakage.

잠재적 노출

Methyl chloride is used as a methylating and chlorinating agent in organic chemistry; Used in production of silicones and tetramethyl lead. In petroleum refineries it is used as an extractant for greases, oils, and resins. Methyl chloride is also used as a solvent in the synthetic rubber industry; as a refrigerant; and as a propellant in polystyrene foam production. In the past it has been used as a local anesthetic (freezing). It is an intermediate in drug manufacture.

Carcinogenicity

Methyl chloride was mutagenic to bacteria and genotoxic in a number of mammalian cell systems in vitro.14 It gave positive results in the dominant lethal test in rats in vivo.
NIOSH recommends that methyl chloride be considered a potential occupational teratogen and carcinogen.
The IARC states that there is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of methyl chloride to experimental animals and humans.

환경귀착

Biological. Enzymatic degradation of methyl chloride yielded formaldehyde (Vogel et al., 1987).
Photolytic. Reported photooxidation products via OH radicals include formyl chloride, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, and phosgene (Spence et al., 1976). In the presence of water, formyl chloride hydrolyzes to HCl and carbon monoxide, whereas phosgene hydrolyzes to hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide (Morrison and Boyd, 1971).
Methyl chloride reacts with OH radicals in the atmosphere at a rate of 8.5 x 10^-14 cm³/sec with a lifetime of 135 d (Cox et al., 1976).
Chemical/Physical. The estimated hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C and pH 7 is 0.93 yr (Mabey and Mill, 1978).
The evaporation half-life of methyl chloride (1 mg/L) from water at 25 °C using a shallow-pitch propeller stirrer at 200 rpm at an average depth of 6.5 cm was 27.6 min (Dilling, 1977).

저장

All personnel handling methyl chloride cylinders should be fully informed about the dangers that can arise from improper handling of methyl chloride. The cylinder and system should be grounded before use. Before introducing methyl chloride into any apparatus or equipment, it should be tested for leaks, all leaks repaired, and the apparatus thoroughly dried. Only nonsparking tools should be used with methyl chloride. Chemical safety goggles and/or a full-face shield should be used when handling liquid methyl chloride.

운송 방법

UN1063 Methyl chloride, or Refrigerant gas R 40, Hazard Class: 2.1; Labels: 2.1-Flammable gas. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner

Purification Methods

Bubble methyl chloride through a sintered-glass disc dipped into conc H2SO4, then wash it with water, condense it at low temperature and fractionally distil it. It has been distilled from AlCl3 at -80o. Alternatively, pass it through towers containing AlCl3, soda-lime and P2O5, then condense and fractionally distil it. Store it as a gas. [Beilstein 1 IV 28.]

비 호환성

Violent reaction with chemically active metals, such as potassium, powdered aluminum; zinc, and magnesium. Reaction with aluminum trichloride, ethylene. Reacts with water (hydrolyzes) to form hydrochloric acid. Attacks many metals in the presence of moisture

폐기물 처리

Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Controlled incineration with adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities

염화메틸 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

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염화메틸 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21691	55
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28180	58
Hubei xin bonus chemical co. LTD	86-13657291602	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	22968	58
CONIER CHEM AND PHARMA LIMITED	+8618523575427	sales@conier.com	China	49390	58
career henan chemical co	+86-0371-86658258 15093356674;	factory@coreychem.com	China	29826	58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	0551-65418671	sales@tnjchem.com	China	34572	58
ANHUI WITOP BIOTECH CO., LTD	+8615255079626	eric@witopchemical.com	China	23556	58
AFINE CHEMICALS LIMITED	0571-85134551	info@afinechem.com	CHINA	15377	58
Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd.	571-88938639 +8617705817739	info@dycnchem.com	CHINA	52867	58
Zhuoer Chemical Co., Ltd	02120970332; +8613524231522	sales@zhuoerchem.com	China	3015	58

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