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Citric acid

CAS No.
77-92-9
Chemical Name:
Citric acid
Synonyms
Citric acid anhydrous;Anhydrous citric acid;BETZ 6251;acid citric;citric acid solution;Citric acid Anhydrate;Citro;CheMfill;Citric acid anhydrou;BUFFER CONCENTRATE, PH 4.00
CBNumber:
CB9854361
Molecular Formula:
C6H8O7
Lewis structure
c6h8o7 lewis structure
Molecular Weight:
192.12
MDL Number:
MFCD00011669
MOL File:
77-92-9.mol
MSDS File:
SDS
Last updated:2024-03-13 13:59:12

Citric acid Properties

Melting point 153-159 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 248.08°C (rough estimate)
Density 1.67 g/cm3 at 20 °C
vapor density 7.26 (vs air)
vapor pressure <0.1 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index 1.493~1.509
FEMA 2306 | CITRIC ACID
Flash point 100 °C
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility Citric acid also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76 parts of citric acid per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C.
form grit
pka 3.14(at 20℃)
color White
Odor Odorless
PH 3.24(1 mM solution);2.62(10 mM solution);2.08(100 mM solution);
Odor Type odorless
explosive limit 8%, 65°F
Water Solubility soluble in Water (1174g/L at 10°C, 1809g/L at 30°C, 3825g/L at 80°C).
Sensitive Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.20
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.10
Merck 14,2326
JECFA Number 218
BRN 782061
Stability Stable. Incompatible with bases, strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metal nitrates.
InChIKey KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP -1.64
FDA 21 CFR 184.1033; 582.1033; 582.6033; 145.145; 155.130; 310.545
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) CITRIC ACID
SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances) Citric acid
CAS DataBase Reference 77-92-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores 1-2
FDA UNII XF417D3PSL
ATC code A09AB04
NIST Chemistry Reference 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-(77-92-9)
EPA Substance Registry System Citric acid (77-92-9)
Pesticides Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Citric acid
Cosmetics Info Citric Acid

SAFETY

Risk and Safety Statements

Symbol(GHS)  GHS hazard pictograms
GHS07
Signal word  Warning
Hazard statements  H319-H335
Precautionary statements  P261-P264-P271-P280-P304+P340+P312-P305+P351+P338
Hazard Codes  Xi,C,T
Risk Statements  41-36/37/38-36/38-37/38-34-36-35-61-60
Safety Statements  26-39-37/39-24/25-36/37/39-45-36-53
RIDADR  UN 1789 8/PG 3
WGK Germany  1
RTECS  GE7350000
9
TSCA  Yes
HS Code  2918 14 00
Toxicity LD50 in mice, rats (mmol/kg): 5.0, 4.6 i.p. (Gruber, Halbeisen)
NFPA 704
1
2 0

Citric acid price More Price(125)

Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy
Sigma-Aldrich W230618 Citric acid ≥99.5%, FCC, FG 77-92-9 1kg $77.6 2024-03-01 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich W230618 Citric acid ≥99.5%, FCC, FG 77-92-9 10Kg $228 2024-03-01 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich W230618 Citric acid ≥99.5%, FCC, FG 77-92-9 25kg $305 2024-03-01 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich CX1723 Citric Acid, Anhydrous anhydrous Meets ACS Specifications, Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs GR ACS 77-92-9 500g $79.6 2024-03-01 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich CX1723 Citric Acid, Anhydrous anhydrous Meets ACS Specifications, Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs GR ACS 77-92-9 2.5kg $150 2024-03-01 Buy
Product number Packaging Price Buy
W230618 1kg $77.6 Buy
W230618 10Kg $228 Buy
W230618 25kg $305 Buy
CX1723 500g $79.6 Buy
CX1723 2.5kg $150 Buy

Citric acid Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Description

Citric acid is a white, crystalline, weak organic acid present in most plants and many animals as an intermediate in cellular respiration. Citric acid contains three carboxyl groups making it a carboxylic, more specifically a tricarboxylic, acid.the name citrus originates from the Greek kedromelon meaning apple of melon for the fruit citron. Greek works mention kitron, kitrion, or kitreos for citron fruit, which is an oblong fruit several inches long from the scrublike tree Citrus medica. Lemons and limes have high citric acid content, which may account for up to 8% of the fruit's dry weight.
Citric acid
Citric acid is a weak acid and loses hydrogen ions from its three carboxyl groups (COOH) in solution.the loss of a hydrogen ion from each group in the molecule results in the citrate ion,C3H5O(COO)33. A citric acid molecule also forms intermediate ions when one or two hydrogen atoms in the carboxyl groups ionize.the citrate ion combines with metals to form salts, the most common of which is calcium citrate. Citric acid forms esters to produce various citrates, for example trimethyl citrate and triethyl citrate.

Chemical Properties

Citric acid is a weak organic acid with the formula C6H8O7. It is a natural preservative / conservative and is also used to add an acidic, or sour, taste to foods and soft drinks. In biochemistry, the conjugate base of citric acid, citrate, is important as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.
Citric acid is a commodity chemical, and more than a million tonnes are produced every year by fermentation. It is used mainly as an acidifier, as a flavoring, and as a chelating agent.

Physical properties

CITRIC ACID, white crystalline solid, decomposes at higher temperatures, sp gr 1.542. Citric acid is soluble in H2O or alcohol and slightly soluble in ether. The compound is a tribasic acid, forming mono-, di-, and tri- series of salts and esters.It occurs in large amounts is citrus fruits, and is used widely in industry as an acidifier, as a flavoring and chelating agent. pKa values are 5.21, 4.28 and 2.92 at 25 °C (extrapolated to zero ionic strength).
Citric acid is a good buffering agent for solutions between about pH 2 and pH 8. It is popular in many buffers in many techniques, electrophoresis (SSC Buffer #), to stop reactions, for biopurifications, crystallography... In biological systems around pH 7, the two species present are the citrate ion and mono-hydrogen citrate ion. the pH of a 1 mM solution of citric acid will be about 3.2.

Occurrence

Citric acid exists in greater than trace amounts in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. Lemons and limes have particularly high concentrations of the acid; it can constitute as much as 8 % of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 g/L in the juices ) . The concentrations of citric acid in citrus fruits range from 0.005 mol/L for oranges and grapefruits to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes. Within species, these values vary depending on the cultivar and the circumstances in which the fruit was grown.

History

The discovery of citric acid is credited to Jabir ibn Hayyan (Latin name Geber, 721–815).
Citric acid was first isolated in 1784 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786), who crystallized it from lemon juice.
The crystalline structure of anhydrous citric acid, obtained by cooling hot concentrated solution of the monohydrate form, was first elucidated by Yuill and Bennett in 1934 by X-ray diffraction.
In 1960 Nordman and co-workers further suggested that in the anhydrous form two molecules of the acid are linked through hydrogen bonds between two –COOH groups of each monomer.

Uses

Citric Acid is an acidulant and antioxidant produced by mold fermentation of sugar solutions and by extraction from lemon juice, lime juice, and pineapple canning residue. it is the predominant acid in oranges, lemons, and limes. it exists in anhydrous and monohydrate forms. the anhydrous form is crystallized in hot solutions and the monohydrate form is crystallized from cold (below 36.5°c) solutions. anhydrous citric acid has a solubility of 146 g and monohydrate citric acid has a solubility of 175 g/100 ml of distilled water at 20°c. a 1% solution has a ph of 2.3 at 25°c. it is a hygroscopic, strong acid of tart flavor. it is used as an acidulant in fruit drinks and carbonated beverages at 0.25-0.40%, in cheese at 3-4%, and in jellies. it is used as an antioxidant in instant potatoes, wheat chips, and potato sticks, where it prevents spoilage by trapping the metal ions. it is used in combination with antioxidants in the processing of fresh frozen fruits to prevent discoloration.

Uses

citric acid has astringent and anti-oxidant properties. It can also be used as a product stabilizer, pH adjuster, and preservative with a low sensitizing potential. It is not usually irritating to normal skin, but it can cause burning and redness when applied to chapped, cracked, or otherwise inflamed skin. It is derived from citrus fruits.

Preparation

By mycological fermentation using molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger; from citrus juices and pineapple wastes

Definition

ChEBI: Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. It has a role as a food acidity regulator, a chelator, an antimicrobial agent and a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a citrate(1-) and a citrate anion.

Application

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is known as a commodity chemical, as more than a million tonnes are produced every year by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar sol utions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger. Citric acid is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids and exist in greater than grace amounts in variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably in citrus fruits such as lemon and limes. Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. It was also used as a chemical restrainer particularly in developers for the collodion process and in silver nitrate solutions used for sensitizing salted and albumen papers.

Biotechnological Production

Fermentation is the technology of choice for citric acid synthesis. Different bacteria (e.g. Arthrobacter paraffinens and Bacillus licheniformis), filamentous fungi (e.g. Aspergilus niger and Penicillium citrinum) and yeasts (e.g. Candida tropicalis and Yarrowia lipolytica) are able to produce citric acid. Due to high productivity and easy handling, citric acid is usually produced by fermentation with A. niger. For example, a product concentration of 114 g.L-1 within 168 h has been reached by cultivation of A. niger GCMC 7 on cane molasses . On the industrial scale, submerged cultivation, surface fermentation and solid-state fermentation are used.
In general, molasses, starch hydrolyzate and starch are used as substrates. However, there are various studies for alternative raw materials. Solid-state fermentation of inexpensive agricultural wastes is one possibility. For example, high yields up to 88 % have been achieved using grape pomace as substrate. Lowering the cost of product recovery is crucial. Different methods using precipitation, solvent extraction, adsorption, or in situ product recovery have been described. One interesting process could be the in situ crystallization of citric acid during fermentation to improve the economics.

Aroma threshold values

By mycological fermentation using molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger; from citrus juices and pineapple wastes

benefits

Citric acid is not a vitamin or mineral and is not required in the diet. However, citric acid, not to be confused with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), is beneficial for people with kidney stones. It inhibits stone formation and breaks up small stones that are beginning to form. Citric acid is protective; the more citric acid in your urine, the more protected you are against forming new kidney stones. Citrate, used in calcium citrate supplements and in some medications (such as potassium citrate), is closely related to citric acid and also has stone prevention benefits. These medications may be prescribed to alkalinize your urine.

General Description

Citric acid appears as colorless, odorless crystals with an acid taste. Denser than water. (USCG, 1999)

Air & Water Reactions

The pure material is moisture sensitive (undergoes slow hydrolysis) Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

Citric acid reacts with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents and metal nitrates . Reactions with metal nitrates are potentially explosive. Heating to the point of decomposition causes emission of acrid smoke and fumes [Lewis].

Health Hazard

Inhalation of dust irritates nose and throat. Contact with eyes causes irritation.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Citric acid in dietary form can augments absorption of aluminium in antacids. It also facilitates the phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil and can transform cadmium into more transportable forms.

Biotechnological Applications

Citric acid cycle
Citrate, the conjugate base of citric acid is one of a series of compounds involved in the physiological oxidation of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water.
This series of chemical reactions is central to nearly all metabolic reactions, and is the source of two-thirds of the foodderived energy in higher organisms. Hans Adolf Krebs received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery. The series of reactions is known by various names, including the "citric acid cycle", the "Krebs cycle" or "Szent-Gy?rgyi — Krebs cycle", and the "tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle".
Other biological roles
Citrate is a critical component of bone, helping to regulate the size of calcium crystals.

Safety Profile

Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic byingestion. A severe eye and moderate skin irritant. An irritating organic acid, some allergenic properties. Combustible liquid. Potentially explosive reaction with metal nitrates. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

533-76-6
77-92-9
Synthesis of Citric acid from ketipic acid

Citric acid Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

1of2

Preparation Products

1of8

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View Lastest Price from Citric acid manufacturers

Image Update time Product Price Min. Order Purity Supply Ability Manufacturer
Citric acid pictures 2024-03-19 Citric acid
77-92-9
US $1.00-0.10 / kg 1kg 99%min 200tons Hebei Dangtong Import and export Co LTD
citric acid pictures 2024-03-19 citric acid
77-92-9
US $1000.00 / T 100KG 99% 10000 kilograms/ month Hebei Yime New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
Citric acid pictures 2024-03-18 Citric acid
77-92-9
US $1.00 / g 1g 99% 100kg Dorne Chemical Technology co. LTD
  • Citric acid pictures
  • Citric acid
    77-92-9
  • US $1.00-0.10 / kg
  • 99%min
  • Hebei Dangtong Import and export Co LTD
  • citric acid pictures
  • citric acid
    77-92-9
  • US $1000.00 / T
  • 99%
  • Hebei Yime New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Citric acid pictures
  • Citric acid
    77-92-9
  • US $1.00 / g
  • 99%
  • Dorne Chemical Technology co. LTD
Citric acid Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99% Buffer solution according to Weise FLUORESCEIN DISODIUM SALT USP GRADE PROPYLENE GLYCOL HIGH PURITY GRADE READY LADDER 50BP DNA MARKER YELLOW PRIMARY SOLUTION CITRICACID,ANHYDROUS,PREMIUM(BULK CITRICACID,ANHYDROUS,USP(BULK CITRICACIDANDITSCOMMONSALTS CITRONENSAEURE WASSERFREI, PULVERISIERT citric acid ester 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid Citric acid Tennant Citric Acid - anhydrous BUFFER PH 7.4 BUFFER, PH 9.00 BUFFER PH 13.00 BUFFER PH 11.00 BUFFER SOLUTION, SODIUM ACETATE/HYDROCHLORIC ACID BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 8.00 +/-0.02 BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 9.00 BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 9.00 +/-0.02 BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 6.00 +/-0.02 BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 6.5 BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 7.0, PHOSPHATE BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 7.00 +/-0.02 BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 3.00 +/-0.02 BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 2.00 +/-0.02 BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 4.00 +/-0.02 acidecitrique Aciletten femanumber2306 -Hydroxypropanetricarboxylicacid Kyselina 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantrikarbonova Kyselina citronova kyselina2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantrikarbonova kyselinacitronova kyselinacitronova(czech) nsc30279 CITRIC ACID, ANHYDROUS, CELL CULTURE Citric acid, anhydrousACS reagent, ≥ 99.5% (Titration) Citric Acid, Meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur.BP, USP Buffer Concentrate, pH 10.01 Citric acid, For analysis ACS Citric Acid, Tested according to Ph.Eur. Citric acid, anhydrous, ACS, 99.5+% Buffer solution, pH 11.00 (±0.01 @ 25°C), No Color, Specpure(R), NIST Traceable CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS GRANULAR CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS GRANULAR, NATURAL CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS POWDER 3-Hydroxy-3-carboxypenthane-1,5-diobic acid Citric acid, anhydrous, USP Grade 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2 hydroxy-citric acid, anhydrous, USP Grade Citric acid, 99%, anhydrous, pure Citric acid, 99.5%, anhydrous, for analysis Citric acid, 99.6%, anhydrous, for analysis ACS Citric acid, anhydrous, for analysis Citric acid, anhydrous, for analysis ACS Buffer solution, pH 11.00 (+/-0.01 @ 25^oC), No Color, Specpure , NIST Traceable