a-클로로아세토페논 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Chloroacetophenone is contained in tear gases (lacrimators).
This substance has an important irritative
potential but can also be a sensitizer.
화학적 성질
2-Chloroacetophenone (CN) is a combustible,
colorless-to-gray solid. CN has a sharp, irritating odor, has
been described as smelling like “apple blossoms.” It may
be dissolved in a solvent
물리적 성질
Colorless to gray crystalline solid with a sharp, penetrating, irritating odor. The low odor and high
odor threshold concentrations were 102 and 150 μg/m
3, respectively (Ruth, 1986).
용도
Riot control agent.
정의
A strong lachrymator.
일반 설명
2-chloroacetophenone appears as a white crystalline solid. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. A lachrymator: vapors are very irritating to the eyes. Has a floral odor. Used as a riot control agent.
위험도
The main uses for 2-chloroacetophenone are in tear gas and in chemical Mace. It is a potent eye, throat, and skin irritant. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of humans causes burning of the eyes with lacrimation, some degree of blurred vision, possible corneal damage, irritation and burning of the nose, throat, and skin, and burning in the chest with dyspnea. Acute dermal exposure is irritating and can result in first, second, and third degree chemical burns in humans. Squamous hyperplasia of the nasal respiratory epithelium was reported in rats chronically exposed (long-term) via inhalation. EPA has not classified 2-chloroacetophenone with respect to potential carcinogenicity.
건강위험
Median lethal dose (mg-min/m3): 11000 (estimated). Median incapacitating dose: 80. Eye/skin toxicity: Temporarily severe eye irritation; mild skin irritation. Rate of action: Instantaneous. Physiological action: Powerfully lacrimatory. Detoxification rate: Rapid. (ANSER)
화재위험
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
색상 색인 번호
w-Chloroacetophenone is contained in tear gases (lacrimators).
This substance has important irritative
potential, but can also be a sensitizer.
Safety Profile
A human poison by
inhalation. An experimental poison by
ingestion, inhalation, intraperitoneal, and
intravenous routes. Human systemic effects
by inhalation: lachrymation, conjunctiva
irritation, and unspecified eye effects, cough,
and dyspnea. A severe eye and moderate
skin irritant. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental neoplastigenic data by skin
contact. A riot control agent. When heated
to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of
Cl-. See also KETONES.
잠재적 노출
Chloroacetophenone is used as a
chemical warfare agent (Agent CN) and as a principal
ingredient in the riot control agent Mace. It is also used as
a pharmaceutical intermediate. The United States considers
agent CN and its mixtures with various chemicals to be
obsolete for military deployment.
환경귀착
Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic chloride fumes when heated to decomposition (Sax and
Lewis, 1987).
운송 방법
UN1697 Chloroacetophenone, solid, (CN),
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation. UN3416
Chloroacetophenone, liquid, (CN), Hazard Class: 6.1;Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. Hazard. Military driver
shall be given full and complete information regarding
shipment and conditions in case of emergency. AR 50-6
deals specifically with the shipment of chemical agents.
Shipments of agent will be escorted in accordance with AR
740-32.
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from MeOH [Tanner J Org Chem 52 2142 1987]. [Beilstein 7 IV 641.]
비 호환성
Keep away from water, steam, strong
oxidizers. CN reacts with water, forming hydrochloric acid.
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides,
permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away
from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. CN reacts slowly with metals, causing mild
corrosion and may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
폐기물 처리
Tear gas-containing waste is
dissolved in an organic solvent and sprayed into an incinerator equipped with an afterburner and alkaline scrubber utilizing reaction with sodium sulfide in an alcoholwater
solution. Hydrogen sulfide is liberated and collected by an
alkaline scrubber.
a-클로로아세토페논 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
